Ngaba ngokwenene yenza umnqweno wokungena kwiqela lentlalontle Ngaba kuyimfuneko yokwenene? Nangona ekuqaleni sinokucinga ukuba kuyinto engenamsebenzi, ukuziqhelanisa nokuziva ungumntu nabanye abantu ngokwenene ziyinxalenye... uphuhliso olubalulekileyo lomntu ngamnyeNangona abaninzi bekholelwa ukuba iimfuno zichazwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezibalulekileyo ekuqhubekeni nobomi, oko kukuthi, ezo zanelisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo njengokuphefumla, ukutya, okanye ukulala, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba impilo-ntle yomntu ngokweemvakalelo iphenjelelwa... isidingo sothando, ukwamkelwa kunye nokuchongwa.
Isidingo ngumnqweno osisiseko kwimpilo-ntleNgoko ke, le mfuneko kufuneka ifezekiswe, kuba ukungaphumeleli ukwenza njalo kukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi ecacileyo, efana nokukhula kokungasebenzi kakuhle okanye nokufa komntu. Ngaba singafa ukuba singayinaki imfuno yoluntu? Enyanisweni, xa sifumanisa izizathu zokufa kwethu, akukho gqirha unokugqiba kwingxelo yakhe ngokuthi "ukufa ngenxa yokuswela ngokweemvakalelo kunye/okanye ukungahambi kakuhle koluntu," kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba Imood inobudlelwane obuqinileyo nenkuthazo kunye nokuzithembaXa ukudimazeka kufikelela kumanqanaba angapheliyo, sinokuba nezifo ezichaphazela impilo-ntle yethu yengqondo neyomzimba, siphuhlise isifo esinokubangela ukufa kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo.
Ngolu hlobo, iimfuno zentlalo zabantu Azisayi kuba yinto nje yokunethezeka kwaye ziba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yempilo-ntle yengqondo. Impilo yethu, ukusebenza kwethu kwemihla ngemihla, kwanamandla ethu okuziqonda axhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela esinxulumana ngayo nabanye, umgangatho wobudlelwane bethu, kunye nemvakalelo yokuba yinxalenye yento enkulu kunathi.
Kuyo yonke imbali yengcinga, ababhali abahlukeneyo baye bagxininisa olu hlobo loluntu lomntu. Isazinzulu uAristotle sathi abantu "isilwanyana sentlalo ngokwendalo"Oku kuthetha ukuba, nangona singaphuhlisa iimpawu ezithile ngabanye, sidinga uluntu ukuze siphuhle ngokupheleleyo kwaye siqinisekise ukuba siphila. Kwiinkulungwane kamva, isayikholoji yobuntu, kunye nababhali abanjengoAbraham Maslow, bathabatha le ngcinga baza bayidibanisa kwiimodeli zenkuthazo yomntu apho iimfuno zentlalo zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi ezi mfuno, indlela ezicwangciswe ngayo, nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo ubomi bemihla ngemihla kuvumela ukutolikwa okungcono kweenkqubo ezininzi ukuziphatha, iimvakalelo kunye nezigqibo esizithathayo. Ikwanceda ekuyileni iindlela zokungenelela zentlalo, zemfundo okanye zonyango ezisebenzayo ngakumbi, kuba isenza sikwazi ukubona ukuba zeziphi iindawo zonxibelelwano lomntu ezingakhathalelwanga okanye ezibuthathaka.
Zithini kanye kanye iimfuno zentlalo zabantu?
Las iimfuno zentlalo Ezi zezo zinxulumene nobomi boluntu kunye nobudlelwane umntu abusekayo kumaqela angamalungu awo. Zibonakalisa ubukhulu bolwalamano lomntu kwaye baveze imfuneko yabo yokuba yinxalenye, ukuhlanganiswa, kunye nokwamkelwa kuluntu. Ezi mfuno azikho nje malunga "nokufuna ukuhamba," kodwa ziquka iindlela ezininzi zokunxibelelana: ubudlelwane beemvakalelo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuluntu, ukuhlanganiswa kumaqela asemthethweni nangekho sesikweni, ukuqatshelwa kobuwena babo kuluntu, phakathi kwezinye.
Njengezidalwa ezihlala nabantu, abantu bahlala kwiindawo ezihlala abantu, kwaye impilo-ntle yethu ixhomekeke, kakhulu, ku umgangatho wonxibelelwano lwethu loluntuNgoko ke, ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni ubuwena bomntu kunye nobomntu wonke, kunye nokuphila kakuhle ngokweemvakalelo. Xa ezi mfuno zingafezekiswanga, iimvakalelo zokuba wedwa, ukuba wedwa, ukungabi nanto, okanye ukungabi naxabiso zinokuvela, nto leyo edibene neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokudakumba okanye ixhala.
Ngokwembono yengqondo, imfuneko ichazwa njenge ukuziva unxulunyaniswa nokungabikhoOku kusebenza njengamandla akhuthazayo, okubangela ukuba umntu athathe inyathelo aze enze imizamo yokoyisa oku kuswela. Kwimeko yeemfuno zentlalo, oku kuswela kubonakala njengokungabikho konxibelelwano olubalulekileyo, ukungakwazi ukwamkela okanye ukuqatshelwa, okanye ubunzima bokudibana neqela. Oku kuswela kudala uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluqhuba umntu ukuba afune unxibelelwano, inkxaso, kunye nokwamkelwa.
Iimfuno zentlalo nazo zingahlalutywa ngokwembono iimfuno ezisisiseko zabantuEzinye iindlela zahlula phakathi kweemfuno eziphambili (ezibalulekileyo, ezomzimba) kunye nezesibini (ezingabalulekanga kodwa ezifanelekileyo kwimpilo-ntle). Iimfuno zentlalo, nangona zingasongeli ubomi ngokungxamisekileyo njengokuphefumla okanye ukutya, zibalulekile kubomi obuthathwa njengesidima, obanelisayo, nobunentsingiselo. Uninzi lwezi mfuno lukwanocandelo eliqinileyo lenkcubeko; oko kukuthi, zibonakaliswa kwaye zihlelwe ngokwemigaqo, amaxabiso, kunye namasiko oluntu ngalunye.
Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi iimfuno zomntu ngamnye kunye neemfuno ezihlangeneyoKwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye, umntu unokufuna uthando, ubuhlobo, okanye ukuba yinxalenye yeqela elithile. Kwinqanaba elidibeneyo, uluntu lunokufuna uthungelwano lwenkxaso, iinkqubo zokuthatha inxaxheba, iinkonzo zokhathalelo loluntu, kunye neendawo zoluntu ezenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa nokusetyenziswa kwamalungelo. Zombini ezi nkalo zihambelana kwaye ziyachaphazelana.
Iimfuno zoluntu kwipiramidi kaMaslow
Isayikholojisti U-Abraham Maslow Wabandakanya iimfuno zentlalo kwingcamango yakhe eyaziwayo yenkuthazo yabantu, emelwe kwingcamango edumileyo Iphiramidi kaMaslowKule modeli, iimfuno zomntu zihlelwe ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kweyona isisiseko ukuya kweyona iphambili. Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo ngala: iimfuno zomzimba, iimfuno zokhuseleko, iimfuno zentlalo okanye zobuqu, iimfuno zokuhlonipha, kunye neemfuno zokuziqonda.
Kule nkqubo yolawulo, iimfuno zentlalo zithatha inqanaba lesithathuEmva kweemfuno zomzimba (ukutya, ukuphumla, ukuphefumla, njl.njl.) kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko (impilo, indawo yokuhlala, ukhuseleko, uzinzo kwezoqoqosho), inqanaba lentlalo libhekisa iimfuno zobulunguOko kukuthi, umnqweno wokuba yinxalenye yeqela elithile, ukwamkelwa, ukuseka ubudlelwane beemvakalelo kunye nokwabelana ngobuni obudibeneyo.
Ngokwethiyori kaMaslow, ezi mfuno zentlalo zibonakala ngakumbi xa ezona mfuno zisisiseko zaneliswa kancinci. Umntu oswele ukutya okanye indawo yokuhlala akanakukwazi ukugxila ekufuneni ukuqatshelwa eluntwini; nangona kunjalo, xa ezi mfuno zomzimba nezokhuseleko zifezekisiwe, inkuthazo ijoliswe kakhulu... khangela unxibelelwano kunye nokuba ngowakhoOlu tshintsho lunceda ukuqonda isizathu sokuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu bazama ukugcina ubudlelwane okanye ukudibana noluntu nangona imeko yabo yezinto eziphathekayo sele izinzile.
Le piramidi ikwaquka oko kuthiwa iimfuno zokungabikho (ngokomzimba, ukhuseleko, ukuzibandakanya, kunye nokwamkelwa) kunye nezo uphuhliso lokuba (Ukuzazisa). Iimfuno zentlalo zithathwa njengeemfuno zokusilela: xa zingafezekiswa, ukuswela kunye nokungonwabi kuyafumaneka. Ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ekuphepheni ukubandezeleka, kodwa kukwabonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo apho ukukhula komntu kunye nokuziqonda kunokwakhelwa khona kamva.
Ngaphezu koko, iimfuno zobudlelwane zihlobene kakhulu iimfuno zoxabisoInqanaba elilandelayo linyukela phezulu kwiphiramidi. Xa umntu eziva edibene kwaye exatyisiwe kumaqela akhe okubhekisa kuwo, ukuzithemba kwakhe kuyanda kwaye ingqiqo yakhe yokuba nobuchule kunye nexabiso iyaqina. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukwaliwa, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle, okanye ukungabonakali kunokonakalisa kakhulu ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi lomntu, oku kuthintela amandla akhe okuphuhlisa amandla akhe.
Iimpawu zesidingo sentlalo
Kuthiwa imfuneko yindlela yokubonakalisa oko isidalwa esiphilayo sikufunayo ukuze siphile. ulondolozo kunye nophuhlisoNgokwembono yengqondo, ichazwa njengemvakalelo enxulunyaniswa nokusilela, nto leyo eba ngamandla akhuthazayo akhuthaza umntu ukuba athathe amanyathelo aze enze imizamo yokuphelisa loo ntswelo. iimfuno zentlalo Zibubungqina bobunzima bomntu, ompilo-ntle yakhe ingamiselwanga kwindawo enye, kodwa inophawu olupheleleyo apho kuchazwa khona izinto eziphilayo, ezengqondo nezentlalo.
Iimfuno ziyinxalenye yendalo yomntu, nto leyo ebonisa zonke iintlobo zeemfuno ezinokubakho. Ngaphakathi kwesi sikhokelo, iimfuno zentlalo zibonakaliswa ngokubonisa loo nxalenye yenkqubo yethu yangaphakathi eyaneliswayo... ukunxibelelana nabantu esiphila naboAzingomhombiso nje wobomi, kodwa ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lobuntu kunye nokuziva ngathi ungubani.
Iimfuno zentlalo zibonakaliswa zezi:
- Azidalwanga ngokwenziwa, oko kuthetha ukuba aziyomveliso yomnqweno ongenanto okanye ongekho nzulu. Zivela kwi- indalo yoluntu yabantu kwaye zibonakala nakwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo okanye amaxesha akude.
- Ukumisela ngokubanzi ubuwena bomntu ngamnyeUbulungu kumaqela athile, ukwenziwa kwemigaqo nemilinganiselo yoluntu ngaphakathi, kunye nendlela abanye abasibona ngayo inefuthe ngqo kwindlela esizichaza ngayo.
- Kuya kulungiswa yi izinto zenkcubeko kunye neemeko eziveliswa yindalo esingqongileyo. Nangona isiseko sentlalo siyinto eqhelekileyo, iindlela zokwanelisa ezi mfuno zahlukile ngokwenkcubeko, ixesha, okanye isakhiwo sentlalo. Ngaphezu koko, zininzi kakhulu mdaXa sele sanelisa enye, iimfuno ezintsha ziyaphuhliswa okanye ezikhoyo ziyaphuculwa (umzekelo, ukusuka ekufuneni ukwamkelwa ukuya ekufuneni ukuqatshelwa okanye ubunkokeli).
- Ngenisa a ubukhulu obuguquguqukayo Oku kuxhomekeke kwinkuthazo kunye nembali yobuqu. Abanye abantu baziva befuna kakhulu ukuba ngamalungu amaqela amaninzi, ngelixa abanye bekhetha unxibelelwano oluncinci kodwa olunzulu kakhulu. Ibhayografi, amava okuqala, kunye nobuntu buchaphazela oku kuqina.
- Ngokuphathelele kwezinye iindidi zeemfuno, ezifana nezo inkululeko y UbumeUkuhlangabezana neemfuno zentlalo akubandakanyi nje ukuba nabanye abantu, kodwa kukwabandakanya nokukwazi ukuziveza, ukwenza izigqibo zakho, nokubonwa njengomntu onelizwi namalungelo kwiqela.
Ezi mpawu zibonisa ukuba iimfuno zentlalo azinakuhlaziywa kuphela kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye, kodwa zifuna ukuqwalaselwa ulwakhiwo lwentlalo, amaziko kunye neemeko apho abantu bahlala khona kwaye basebenzisana khona. Umzekelo, ukubakho kweenethiwekhi zenkxaso, iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, iindawo zoluntu, okanye imigaqo-nkqubo yokubandakanya abantu inokwenza lula okanye ithintele ukwaneliswa kwezi mfuno.
Iindidi zeemfuno zentlalo
Ngokuxhomekeke kubuchule bokusebenzisana nokusingqongileyo, ezi mfuno, ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo zengqondo kwinqanaba le-frontal lobe kunye nokwakhiwa kobuwena, zinokwahlulwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Uhlu lweklasikhi, olugxile kumava omntu ngamnye, luquka:
Umnqweno wokuba lilungu: Ukuba yinxalenye yenkcubeko, ukuphuhlisa amasiko nezithethe njengelungu lesizwe okanye iqela lohlanga, ukuba yinxalenye yeqela lezentlalo okanye lezemfundo, okanye ukwenza izenzo ezikuchonga njengenxalenye yento engaphakathi kuwe njengeyakho. Konke oku kwenza umnqweno wokuba ngumntuEsi sidingo sibangela ulwaneliseko olukhulu, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuzinza komntu ngamnye. Oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba abantu bajoyine amaqela eenkolo, iiklabhu zemidlalo, iintshukumo zentlalo, okanye amaqela abalandeli, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi.
Uthando: Uthando ngamandla anamandla, imvakalelo enamandla eemvakalelo enceda abantu bakhule ngokuzithemba. Luphawu olubalulekileyo kwindlela ulonwabo kunye nokulinganisela ngokweemvakalelo zomntu ngamnye, ngoko ke yenye yezona mfuno zakhe zinzulu zentlalo. Iingcali zengqondo zikhankanye ukuba ukukwazi ukuseka ubudlelwane obuzinzileyo bothando kunxulumene ulwalamano lwasekuqaleni nomntu ongumama okanye umntu onyamekela abantu abaphambiliokuhlala kungumthombo wokuqala wothando umntwana adibana nawo.
Ukwamkelwa: yenza i uluvo abanalo abanye ngalo mntu Kwaye inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokubonakaliswa kwengcamango yokuziqonda kunye nendlela esabela ngayo imeko-bume. Xa abantu beziva bamkelekile, ukuzithemba kwabo kunye nemvakalelo yokuba baxabisekile kuyaqiniswa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa bebona ukwaliwa, banokuziva bengakhuselekanga, bengafaneleki, kunye nexhala, nto leyo ethintela impilo-ntle yabo.
Ukusilela kule ndawo kunokubangela iingxaki zeemvakalelo ezifana nezi: i-anorexia, i-bulimia, ukuhlaselwa yixhala, kunye neengqondo ezahlukeneyoUkungamkeli okanye ukuxhaphaza, umzekelo, kunokushiya amanxeba anzulu achaphazela indlela umntu azijonga ngayo nendlela anxulumana ngayo nabanye ubomi bakhe bonke.
Usapho: Yindawo yokuqala yophuhliso lwethu kwaye yakha iqela labantu esibotshelelwe kubo ziimvakalelo nangamaqhina egazi. Ngoko ke, amava abelana ngawo ayinto edibanisayo kuphela, kodwa akwanelanga... ubudlelwane bemfuza kunye nobudlelwane obusemthethweni Zizinto ezibangela oku. Imfuneko yokuba yinxalenye yosapho, okanye ukudala iiyunithi ezintsha zosapho, idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nomnqweno wokuba yinxalenye yosapho kunye nokufuna ukuzinza ngokweemvakalelo.
Izihlobo: Ubuhlobo busidibanisa nabantu esingenalo ulwalamano lwemfuza nabo, kodwa esidityaniswe nabo ngenxa yobuhlobo bethu bobuqu. uvelwano, ukuthembana, kunye nenkxaso efanayo Xa bekunye naba bantu, baba ngabantu ababalulekileyo kwinkxaso yeemvakalelo, kwimisebenzi yokuzonwabisa kunye, kunye nokufunda kwezentlalo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iqela labahlobo okanye osebenza nabo liba luluntu lokwenene olukhuthaza impilo-ntle yeemvakalelo kunye nezakhono zentlalo.
U kwamkelwa: Linyathelo elingaphaya kwesidingo sokwamkelwa. umnqweno wokwamkelwa Akanelisekanga kukwamkelwa nje kwiqela; uqhubeka phambili, efuna ukunconywa, ukuqatshelwa kweempawu zakhe, kunye nentlonipho kuluntu lwakhe. Le mfuneko idibana neemfuno zokuhlonitshwa kwimigangatho yeemfuno zikaMaslow kwaye ibonakala ekufuneni udumo, isikhundla, okanye impembelelo kumaqela abhekisa kuwo.
Iindlela ezibanzi: ukusinda, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuzimela, kunye nobuwena
Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zonxibelelwano, ezinye izindululo zangoku zidibanisa iimfuno ezisisiseko zentlalo kwiindidi ezibanzi ezinceda ekutolikeni iingxaki zentlalo kunye nokuyila iindlela zokungenelela ezisebenzayo ngakumbi. Ukusuka kwindlela ebanzi, ejonga iimfuno njengenxalenye yenkqubo edibeneyo, zinokuhlelwa zibe ziibhloko ezine eziphambili:
- Imfuneko yokusinda kunye nokuhlanganiswa okusisiseko: Ibandakanya izinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqhubeka kobomi bomntu kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwakhe okusisiseko kuluntu, okufana nokutya, indawo yokuhlala, impilo, ukhuseleko lomntu, kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo ezivumela ukuthatha inxaxheba kuluntu. Nangona uninzi lwezi mfuno lubonakala luhambelana nemeko yengqondo, ulwaneliseko lwazo lokwenyani lufuna izakhiwo zentlalo (umsebenzi, imigaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke, iinethiwekhi zokhathalelo).
- Imfuneko yokuhlanganiswa koluntu: kuthetha ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kuluntu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamalungelo. Ibandakanya iinkalo zoqoqosho, ezabasebenzi, ezopolitiko, zenkcubeko, nezobudlelwane. Ayikuko nje ukubakho kwindawo ethile, kodwa imalunga nokuba yinxalenye yeendlela zayo, ngamathuba okwenene okufaka isandla nokuviwa.
- Imfuneko yokuzimela komntu kunye noluntu: Ibhekisa kubuchule bokwenza izinto ngokuzimela nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ibandakanya uphuhliso izakhono zomntu kunye nezentlalo (unxibelelwano, ukwenza izigqibo, ukusombulula iingxabano, ukuzinyamekela) ezivumela umntu ukuba ahlangabezane nezinye iimfuno aze athathe inxaxheba ngoxanduva nangobuchule kubomi boluntu.
- Imfuneko yokuba nobuntu kunye nobuntu: Kubandakanya ukuzazi nokuzixabisa, kokubini ngokwebhayoloji (ubuzali, umfanekiso womzimba) nakwimilinganiselo yengqondo neyoluntu (ukuzixabisa, ukuziva uyinxalenye yamaqela athile, iprojekthi yobomi). Imbali yomntu, inkumbulo edibeneyo, kunye neempawu ezabelwana ngazo ezinika intsingiselo kumava zidibene apha.
Le ndlela isenza siqonde ukuba iimfuno zentlalo multidimensional Kwaye akwanelanga ukugxila kwinkalo enye kuphela (umzekelo, eyezoqoqosho) ukuthetha ngempilo-ntle. Umntu unokuzaneliswa iimfuno zakhe ezisisiseko zezinto eziphathekayo kodwa azive enesizungu kakhulu, ekhutshiwe, okanye engenanjongo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iimfuno zakhe zokudibana, ukuzimela, okanye ubuwena azihlangatyezwa ngokwaneleyo.
Imizekelo esebenzayo yemfuno yoluntu
Ukuze siqonde ngcono ububanzi beemfuno zoluntu, kuyanceda ukujonga ezinye imizekelo yoluntu kunye namakhonkco apho ezi mfuno zichazwe ngokucacileyo:
Okokuqala, uluntu olungokomoya Zibonisa indlela abantu abafuna ngayo injongo ebomini babo, isakhelo esifanayo sentsingiselo, kunye neqela abanokunxibelelana nalo nzulu. Kwezi ndawo, ubumoya, inkxaso efanayo, kunye nokuziva uyinxalenye yomnye umntu kuyakhula, okufaka isandla ekufezekiseni iimfuno zentlalo kunye nezobuqu.
Elinye ityala lelo iindawo zemidlalonjengamaqela abalandeli bebhola ekhatywayo okanye abaxhasi beqela. Kule meko, abantu abaninzi bafumana indlela ebukhali yokwanelisa imfuno yabo yokuba yinxalenye yeqela kunye nokwabelana ngeemvakalelo zabo kunye. Iimpawu, iingoma, imibala, kunye nezithethe ziqinisa ubuwena beqela kwaye zibonelela ngombono onamandla wobunye, odla ngokuba yindawo yokusabela kwiingxaki zobuqu.
El iqela labahlobo okanye osebenza nabo Ikwayila uluntu oluphambili. Ikhuthaza impilo-ntle yabantu ngokweemvakalelo kunye nezakhono zentlalo, kwaye inokuba yindawo yokukhula kobungcali, ngokomoya, okanye ngokuziphatha, kuxhomekeke kwiimilinganiselo ezifanayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, eli qela lisebenza njengenethiwekhi yenkxaso enceda amalungu ukuba ajongane nemingeni yemihla ngemihla.
Kwanezixhobo zobuchwepheshe kunye neempahla, ezifana iikhompyutha okanye iifowuni eziphathwayoBanokuba negalelo ekwanelisekeni kweemfuno zentlalo xa besetyenziswa njengendlela yokunxibelelana nokunxibelelana. Ngabo, abantu bagcina ubudlelwane obude, bathatha inxaxheba kwiindawo ezisebenzisa i-intanethi, baveze ubuwena babo, kwaye bafumane iindlela ezintsha zenkxaso yoluntu. Ngale ndlela, iimpahla ezibonakala zibalulekile ekuqaleni ziba zizithuthi zokujongana neemfuno zokuzibandakanya, ukhuseleko lomsebenzi, ukuqatshelwa, kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukuziqonda ngobuchule.
Ekugqibeleni, i ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni, kwimibutho yoluntu, kwiintshukumo zabemi okanye kwiiprojekthi zenkcubeko Inika abantu amathuba okusebenzisa amalungelo abo, ukuphuhlisa ukuzimela, nokwakha ubuwena obuhlangeneyo. Ezi ndawo zibavumela ukuba babelane ngeenjongo, baxoxe ngezimvo, basebenzisane kwimizamo efanayo, kwaye baqinise isiseko sentlalo yoluntu.
Ukulinganiswa kwesidingo sentlalo
Kubaluleke kangakanani ukwaneliswa kweemfuno ezithile zentlalo kuphuhliso lomntu? Ngenxa yobunzima bale ngxaki yobuntu, kunzima ukumisela indlela echanekileyo yokumisela umlinganiselo ezi mfuno ezihlangatyezwa ngawo. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwaveliswa izixhobo kunye nezikhokelo zengcamango ezisinceda siwujonge lo mbuzo.
Oku kufezekisiwe ngokusebenzisa izalathi zentlaloEzi mpawu zijolise ekuthatheni indawo yeengcamango ezingacacanga ngemilinganiselo enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezicacileyo, ngaloo ndlela zinika inkcazo esebenzayo ngakumbi. Zibonelela ngomlinganiselo othe ngqo wempilo-ntle, njengoko ziququzelela ukugweba malunga neempawu ezibalulekileyo zoluntu kunye nendlela abantu abajonga ngayo ubomi, ngokulinganisa okanye ukuchaza iimpawu zemeko, ubudlelwane babo, kunye notshintsho lwabo.
Los izalathisi zeemfuno zentlalo Zihlala zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, ezithathwa njengezihambelanayo:
- Iimpawu zangaphandle: Ezi ziimpawu ezinokumiselwa ngokujonga izinto zangaphandle zokuziphatha okanye ngedatha eqinisekisiweyo. Zenza umlinganiselo weemeko kunye neziganeko ezinokuqinisekiswa ngobungqina: amazinga okuthatha inxaxheba kwimibutho, amanqanaba engqesho, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo, uthungelwano lwenkxaso yezikhungo, amazinga obuhlwempu, amanani obundlobongela okanye ucalucalulo, phakathi kwezinye. Ngokusisiseko zisekelwe kwi ukudalwa kweengcamango ezisekelwe kwiinyaniso ezingqinisisekayo.
- Izikhombisi ngokusekwe kumbono wangaphakathi: Iiparamitha zabo zokulinganisa ziquka izimvo, amabali, okanye iinkcazo zabantuNgokwabelana ngokukhululekileyo ngembono yabo ngesiganeko, esinokuthi singahambelani ncam neenyaniso zangaphandle, abathathi-nxaxheba banokwabelana ngembono yabo. Oku kuquka uphando lokwaneliseka, udliwanondlebe olunzulu, izikali zempilo-ntle ezisekelwe kwimbono yomntu, iimvakalelo zokuba wedwa okanye ukuba ngumntu wedwa, imbono yocalucalulo, njalo njalo. Izazinzulu ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba, ukuze kufikelelwe kwisigqibo esiyinyani esisekelwe kwimbono yomntu, kuyimfuneko ukujonga imithombo eyahlukeneyo kwaye kukhutshwe ubungqina obuphambukayo kwimbono ehlangeneyo kuphela emva kokuvavanya iimeko ezithile ezibangela loo mahluko.
Okwangoku kuyamkelwa ukuba zombini ezi ntlobo zezalathisi iyahambelana kwaye ixabisekilekuba zibonisa ubukhulu bezinto ezenzekayo kwintlalo. Idatha ejolise ekujongeni izinto ezithile isenza sikwazi ukubona iziphene zesakhiwo (umzekelo, ukunqongophala kweenkonzo zoluntu okanye amazinga aphezulu obuhlwempu), ngelixa iimbono ezisekelwe kwimbono zibonisa indlela abantu abaphila nabavakalelwa ngayo ngezi meko (iimvakalelo zokuxhaswa, ukuhlanganiswa, okanye ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle).
Ukulinganisa iimfuno zentlalo akupheleli nje ekubeni nomdla wethiyori, kodwa kubalulekile ukuyila imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, iinkqubo zokungenelela kwezentlalo kunye namaqhinga emfundo eziphendula ngokwenene kwiimfuno zabemi. Ukuqonda ukuba ngawaphi amaqela aziva ehlukanisiwe kakhulu, ngawaphi amaqela angenazo iindawo zokuhlangana, okanye ngawaphi amaqela afumana ucalucalulo olukhulu kuvumela ukujoliswa ngcono kwezixhobo kunye nezenzo zokukhuthaza ukubandakanywa, umanyano, kunye nokuphila kakuhle.
Iimfuno zentlalo zabantu, kungekhona ukuba bubunewunewu obunganyanzelekanga, zityhilwa njengesiseko sempilo-ntle epheleleyo. Ukuqonda indlela ezi mfuno ezinxulumene ngayo nobuwena, inkuthazo, kunye nempilo yengqondo kunceda abantu ngabanye, abanokuchonga ukuba zeziphi iibhondi abafuna ukuziqinisa, kunye noluntu, olunokudala iindawo ezifanelekileyo, ezixhasayo, nezilungele uphuhliso lwabo bonke abantu.