Ngokwezifundo zamva nje ngabaphandi bobuchopho, Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunokunyangwa ngokwemfuza kwixesha elizayo elingekude, ukuvula i-horizon entsha kwinkalo yengqondo kunye neyeza lomntu. Ubudlelwane phakathi kofuzo kunye nesifo sengqondo ngummandla onomdla kunye nonzima othembisa ukuguqula ukuqonda kwethu kunye nonyango lwezifo zengqondo.
Indaleko yemfuza kunye nobudlelwane bayo nobukrelekrele bomntu
Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa indlela abantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo eziye zavela ngayo ukuze zivelise ubukrelekrele. Baye babona ixesha embalini apho imizila yemfuza yasivumela ukuba sicinge size siqiqe, intuthuko ebalulekileyo eyaqala emva malunga ne-500 yezigidi zeminyaka. Kulapho sakha khona isakhono sokufunda izakhono ezinzima, ukuhlalutya iimeko kunye nokusombulula iingxaki, iimpawu ezisahlula kwezinye iintlobo.
Unjingalwazi uSeth Grant, ovela kwiYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh, owayekhokele oku kubhaqwa okubalulekileyo, wachaza ukuba "Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu zenzululwazi kukuqonda indlela ukuziphatha okuntsokothileyo okunikwe ubukrelekrele kwavela ngexesha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo". Le nkqubela phambili ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kungekhona nje ukuqonda uphuhliso lwabantu, kodwa kunye nezicwangciso ezintsha kunyango lwe ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngokusekelwe kwimfuza.
Imfuza iyichaphazela njani impilo yengqondo?
Uphando lubonise a ubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kwenguquko yokuziphatha kunye nemvelaphi yezigulo zengqondo. Ufuzo olufanayo oluphucule amandla ethu engqondo kulo lonke ixesha lokuzivelela luye lwanegalelo ekuveleni kwezifo ezithile zengqondo. Ngokutsho kophando lwakutsha nje, ukugula ngengqondo kunokuba sisiphumo a "ingozi yemfuzo yamandulo".
Isiphumo esiphawulekayo kukuba imisebenzi yengqondo ephezulu ebantwini nakwiimpuku zilawulwa zimfuza ezifanayo. Xa ezi mfuza zitshintshwa okanye zonakele, ukuphazamiseka okubalulekileyo kwizakhono zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha. Eli khonkco livumela uphuhliso lwezonyango ezijoliswe kuzo ezinokubuyisela imisebenzi echaphazelekayo.
Indima ye-pharmacogenetics
I-Pharmacogenetics, isebe le-genetics ephonononga indlela ukungafani kofuzo lomntu ngamnye okuchaphazela ukuphendula kumayeza, ifumana ukubaluleka kwinkalo yengqondo. Le ndlela ivumela unyango lwe-pharmacological ukuba lube lolwakho ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezithile zofuzo, ukuphumeza a ukuphumelela okukhulu kwonyango kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo emibi.
Umzekelo, i-cytochrome P450 enzymes, enoxanduva lokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezininzi ze-psychotropic, ziyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ngabanye ngenxa yokuguqulwa kofuzo. Ezinye izigulana zigaya amayeza kancinane, nto leyo enokubangela ukwakhiwa okunetyhefu kunye nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Abanye, nangona kunjalo, basebenza ngokukhawuleza ichiza, linciphisa ukusebenza kwalo. I-Pharmacogenetics yenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa iidosi okanye ukuguqula ichiza ngokweprofayili yemfuza yesigulane..
Ukongeza, kukho umdla okhulayo wokusebenzisa olu lwazi ukunqanda ubuchule be "ukuzanywa ibeyimpazamo" kwi-psychiatry, ukonga ixesha kunye nokubonelela ngokukhawuleza kwizigulana. Kwiingxaki ezifana Ukuxhuzula okanye isifo sengqondo, apho unyango lwangoku lungasoloko lusebenza, la manyathelo anikela isicombululo esichane ngakumbi.
Ikamva lonyango lwemfuzo kwi-psychiatry
UGqr. Tim Bussey weYunivesithi yaseCambridge waphawula oko "Ngoku sinokusebenzisa imfuzo ukunceda abaguli ukulwa nezi zigulo zengqondo". Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwe-pharmacogenetics ekusebenzeni kweklinikhi kusesekuqaleni, ukuqhubela phambili kwi-teknoloji yezofuzo kunye nezifundo ze-genome-wide association (GWAS) zibonelela ngemibono emitsha.
Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko ye-lithium, esetyenziselwa ukunyanga Ukuxhuzula, abaphandi bazama ukuqikelela ukusebenza kwayo ngokusekelwe kwi inkangeleko yemfuzo yezigulane. Iijini ezithile ezinxulumene nokusabela kakubi kumayeza afana clozapine, enokuphucula ukhuseleko ekusebenziseni kwayo.
Ukuphunyezwa kofuzo ekuxilongweni kweklinikhi
Izigulo zengqondo ezininzi, ezifana I-Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) kunye Ukunqongophala kwengxaki yokungasebenzi kakuhle (ADHD), zibonakaliswe nge-heterogeneity ephezulu ekubonakalisweni kwazo. Izifundo zemfuzo zibonakalise ukuba luncedo kwiimeko ze i-atypical evolution okanye imbali ebalulekileyo yosapho. Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala kweempawu ezicacileyo zofuzo kwii-pathologies ezithile kuhlala kungumngeni.
Uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe ezifana ulandelelwano olukhulu okanye NGS (Ulandelelwano lwesizukulwana esilandelayo) ivumela ukuchongwa kweentlobo ezithile zofuzo ezinxulumene nezi zifo, ziququzelele ukuxilongwa okuchanekileyo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwi bantwana abaneempawu zakwangoko abanokuthi baxhamle kungenelelo kwangethuba ngokusekelwe kwinkangeleko yemfuza yabo.
Imingeni ekuphunyezweni okubanzi
Nangona kukho inkqubela ethembisayo, ukuphunyezwa konyango lwemfuza kujongana nemiqobo emininzi. Phakathi kwabo, gqama iindleko eziphezulu zovavanyo lwemfuzo, ukungabikho koqeqesho lwabasebenzi bezempilo kule ndawo kunye nesidingo sezifundo ezininzi zokuqinisekisa iikliniki ezibonisa ukusebenza kwezi zixhobo ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke.
Ngaphezu koko, imizila yemfuza ayikuphela kwento echaphazela ukugula ngengqondo; i izinto zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo Zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na indlela yofuzo kufuneka idityaniswe kunye nonyango lwengqondo kunye nentlalo yoluntu ukujongana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zesigulane.
Kulo mxholo, ukufikelela jikelele kuvavanyo lwemfuzo oluthembekileyo nolufikelelekayo lubalulekile. Njengoko uVíctor Pérez Sola, umongameli weSpanish Society of Biological Psychiatry, utshilo, "Kwi-pathologies apho isifundo sofuzo luncedo, ukufikelela kwayo kufuneka kube yinyanzeliso".
Ukudityaniswa kofuzo kunyango lwengqondo akuyi kuvumela kuphela uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nonyango lomntu, kodwa kuya kunciphisa ibala ezinxulumene nezi zifo. Le ndlela imele inyathelo elibalulekileyo elibhekiselele kunyango olulolwakho kwaye lusebenzayo, apho inzululwazi ifumana izisombululo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezizodwa zesigulana ngasinye.
Le ngxwabangxwaba yoogqirha bengqondo bahlala befuna izizathu zokuba basithengisele iyeza lokunyanga izifo ezenziweyo. Ndibathumele emgodini! Abakhohlisi !!