Iingqondo zokuyila: i-anatomy yoyilo yenye yeencwadi ezinemifuziselo yesayikholojisti esaziwayo kunye nomyili wethiyori yobukrelekrele abaninzi, Howard gardner. Olu hlalutyo olunzulu lokuyila luphonononga ukuba luqinisekile kangakanani na iingqondo ezizodwa ziye zaguqula imbali yoluntu ngokungaqhelekanga buchule y iindlela ezizodwa.
Indlela eyodwa yokuyila
Le ncwadi inika uphononongo oluneenkcukacha iingcaphephe ezisixhenxe zembali abaye baguqula iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi kunye nobugcisa: Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, Mahatma Gandhi, TS Eliot noMarta Graham. Ngamnye uboniswa njengomzekelo ophambili wohlobo oluthile lwe zobulumko, edibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nethiyori "yengqondo emininzi" eyenziwe nguGardner.
Umbhali uthi i ubuchule Ayingophawu lwegeneric, kodwa iphuhlisa kuqwalaselo oluthile lwe ubuntu kudityaniswe neemeko ezifanelekileyo zentlalo nenkcubeko. UGardner uchaza indlela aba bantu babingelela ubomi bakhe bobuqu ethanda ubufundisi obudla phantse bonke bakhe ixesha namandla.
Impembelelo yeengqondo ezininzi
UHoward Gardner waziwa ngokuyintloko ngethiyori yakhe iingqondo ezininzi, echonga ubuncinci iintlobo ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo ubukrelekrele: umculo, ingqiqo-mathematika, imbonakalo-yesithuba, ulwimi, phakathi kwabantu, i-intrapersonal kunye ne-kinetic-body. Le mbono icela umngeni kwingcamango yemveli yokuba a ubukrelekrele obubodwa kwaye isasazeke. Kwi iingqondo zokudala, uGardner ukhetha iprototype yodidi ngalunye lobukrelekrele ukubonisa indlela obu buchule bunokubonakaliswa ngayo uyilo kunye nenguqu.
Umzekelo, uPablo Picasso uhlalutywa njengomntu obonisa ubukrelekrele ezibonakalayo-zesithuba, ngelixa uGandhi ephawulwa ngobukrelekrele bakhe obukhethekileyo phakathi kwabantu ekusonjululweni kwempixano. Le ndlela yokufundisa ayityebisi nje ukuqonda kwethu ubuchule bokuyila, kodwa nendlela abantu abohlukeneyo abanokuba negalelo ngayo iminikelo eyodwa kwihlabathi ngokuxhomekeke kumandla abo okuqonda.
Igalelo elibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko kunye nesimanje
UGardner uthi ukuqonda iingqondo zokuyila ayisiyonto nje yengqondo, kodwa ikwasivumela ukuba siqonde ngcono amaxesha. yanamhlanje. Impumelelo kaFreud, uEinstein, uPicasso, uStravinsky, kunye nabanye abazange bachaze kuphela iindawo abasebenza kuzo, kodwa baphinde babumba indlela esilibona ngayo ihlabathi namhlanje.
Incwadi ihlalutya imeko apho aba badali baphuhlisa khona izimvo zabo, bephonononga indlela abasabela ngayo oogxa babo kunye nokusingqongileyo. baba nefuthe kwimpumelelo yezinto zabo ezintsha. UGardner ugxininisa ukuba ubuchule bokudala abuveli kwindawo engenanto; sisiphumo sonxibelelwano entsonkothileyo phakathi komntu, indawo yakhe yentlalo nenkcubeko, kunye nexesha ahlala kulo.
Ngaphaya koko, uGardner ucela umngeni kumfundi ukuba acinge ngendlela yokuphuhlisa ezabo ubuchule bokwenza ngokuchonga kunye nokwandisa ubukrelekrele obuninzi umntu ngamnye anabo. Oku kwenza ukuba incwadi a isixhobo esibalulekileyo kungekuphela nje ukuqonda iingcaphephe ezinkulu, kodwa nokukhuthaza abo bafuna ukusebenzisa ubuchule bokuyila ebomini babo.
Iingqondo zokuyila: i-anatomy yoyilo Ngumsebenzi ocetyiswayo kwabo banomdla kwisayikholoji nakwimfundo nakwabo bafuna ukuphonononga ukuba ubuchule bokuyila bunokutshintsha njani ihlabathi. Ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha kunye nemizekelo yembali enomdla, uGardner ubonisa ukuba ubuchule bokuyila bunamandla kwaye bunamandla aguqulayo ahlala kuthi sonke.
Ndinomdla.
Ndingathanda ukufunda kwaye oku kubonakala kunele kule nto ndiyifunayo.
Enkosi kuwe.