
IFinland ineyona nkqubo yemfundo ibalaseleyo emhlabeni. Olu qwalaselo luye lwaxhaswa ziingxelo ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe, ezifana neNgxelo ye-PISA, ngenxa yokugxila kwayo ukulingana, umgangatho kunye nempumelelo yesikolo. Kwelinye icala, iSpain inika imingeni ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yayo yemfundo, njenge amazinga aphezulu abayeka isikolo kunye nokungalingani okuphawulwa kwimeko yentlalo noqoqosho. Apha ngezantsi, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kwemifuziselo yomibini yezemfundo kunye nezenzo ezinokusebenza njengenkuthazo yokuphucula inkqubo yeSpanish.
Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kweenkqubo zemfundo
Inkqubo yemfundo yaseFinland ineempawu ezizodwa eziyahlula kakhulu kwinkqubo yaseSpain:
- Akukho zikolo zabucala: Uninzi lwezikolo zaseFinland zisesidlangalaleni kwaye zisimahla, zisusa ucalucalulo lwezentlalo oluhlala lubonwa eSpain, apho malunga ne-32% yamaziko emfundo abucala okanye axhaswa ngemali.
- Izinga lokungaphumeleli esikolweni: IFinland ine-1% kuphela yabayeka isikolo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-30% ekhathazayo eSpain. Le datha ibonisa impumelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yayo yemfundo ebandakanyayo kunye nenkxaso ekhethekileyo kubafundi abanobunzima obukhulu.
- Ukuqala kade kwemfundo yesinyanzelo: Imfundo enyanzelekileyo iqala kwi-7 yobudala eFinland, indlela ebeka phambili uphuhliso lweemvakalelo kunye nentlalontle kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi. ESpain, abantwana baqala imfundo enyanzelekileyo kwiminyaka emi-6.
Umsebenzi wokufundisa: umbuzo wodumo
EFinland, i Umsebenzi wobutitshala uxatyiswe kakhulu kwaye uyahlonitshwa. Ukuze ube ngutitshala, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka baphumelele ukhetho olungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho. Umsebenzi wokufundisa uthatha iminyaka emi-5, ibandakanya isidanga se-master, kwaye amazinga okwamkelwa aphantsi kakhulu, nge iimfuno zemfundo ezifana nemisebenzi efana nobugqirha eSpeyin. Le sistim iqinisekisa ukuba kuphela abona baviwa balungiselelweyo, beqeqeshelwa umsebenzi wezandla nabazimiseleyo ukuba ngootitshala.
Ukongeza, ngexesha loqeqesho, abafundi bafumana inkxaso-mali yenyanga emalunga nee-euro ezingama-400, inkuthazo yezemali ebonisa ukuzibophelela kukarhulumente waseFinland kumgangatho wemfundo. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, eSpeyin awona mabanga aphantsi aphezulu afuneka ukuba afikelele kwikhondo lokufundisa, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, abafundi bakhetha olu khetho kuba bengakwazi ukufikelela kwamanye amakhondo.
Iindlela ezintsha kunye nokugxila kumfundi
EFinland, ukufunda kugxile kwi vuselela umdla, ukucinga nzulu kunye nokuyila. Ngokungafaniyo neSpeyin, apho inkqubo yemveli isekwe kwinkqayi yedatha, inkqubo yemfundo yaseFinland ikhuthaza abafundi ukuba bafunde ukuqiqa nokusombulula iingxaki ngokuzimeleyo.
Iiklasi ziyasebenzisana kwaye ziyasebenza, zisebenzisa izixhobo zobuchwepheshe kunye nemisebenzi efana nomculo, umsebenzi wezandla, ukupheka kunye noqoqosho lwasekhaya. Ukongezelela, inkqubo yaseFinnish idibanise ukufundiswa kwezakhono zobomi bemihla ngemihla, njengokuthunga okanye ulawulo lwezemali, izifundo ezingaqhelekanga zifumaneka kwiikharityhulam zaseSpain.
Ukuguquguquka kwexesha kunye nekhefu rhoqo
EFinland, ucwangciso lwesikolo lubhetyebhetye yaye lulungelelaniswe neemfuno zeqela ngalinye. Iintsuku zivumela ikhefu lemizuzu eli-15 emva kwemizuzu engama-45 yeklasi. Ngokophononongo lwe-OECD, ezi khefu zifutshane ziphucula kakhulu ixesha lokuqwalaselwa kunye nokusebenza kwezifundo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, eSpeyin, iintsuku zesikolo zinde yaye zinekhefu elincinane, nto leyo enokubangela ukudinwa okukhulu phakathi kwabafundi. Ngapha koko, abafundi baseFinland banakho iimvakwemini zasimahla ukwenza imisebenzi yangaphandle, umkhuba ophucula amava abo emfundo kwaye ukhuthaze izakhono zentlalo.
Ingqalelo yobuqu kunye nenkxaso yemfundo
Inkqubo yemfundo yaseFinland ibalasele ngokugxila kuyo ubulungisa kunye nengqalelo yomntu. Kwiklasi nganye, ukongeza kutitshala oyintloko, kudla ngokubakho umncedisi okanye utitshala onika inkxaso, nto leyo evumela ukuba iklasi yahlulwe ibe ngamaqela amancinane kwaye ifundise umntu ngamnye.
Xa kufunyaniswe ukuba umfundi unobunzima, le nkqubo ikhawuleza iphumeze amanyathelo okomeleza, anjengoko iiklasi ezongezelelweyo okanye ukufundisa. Le ndlela yokuthatha inyathelo iyaphikisana nenkqubo yeSpanish, apho umlinganiselo wootitshala nabafundi uphezulu kwaye izixhobo zenkxaso zihlala zingonelanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo bonke abafundi.
Utyalo-mali kwimfundo: umzekelo wempumelelo
IFinland ityala malunga ne-6,5% yeGDP yayo kwezemfundo, ngelixa eSpain eli nani liyi-4,3%. Oku kuzibophelela kwemali kuvumela imfundo eFinland khululekani ngokupheleleyo, kubandakanywa iincwadi, izinto zokuhamba zesikolo kunye negumbi lokutyela.
Ukongeza, urhulumente waseFinland ubonelela ngenkxaso yemali kwiintsapho ezinabantwana abancinci kwaye uququzelela ibhalansi yobomi bomsebenzi ngokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yekhefu yabazali eyandisiweyo kunye nokhathalelo lwabantwana olufikelelekayo. ESpeyin, nangona kukho uncedo, iintsapho zidla ngokujamelana nazo iindleko ezinkulu kwiincwadi zezifundo, ezothutho, kunye nemisebenzi yangaphandle.
Eminye imiba ephambili yenkqubo yemfundo yaseFinland
- Ukuthatha inxaxheba kosapho: EFinland, iintsapho zigqalwa njengabadlali abaphambili kwimfundo yabantwana. Abazali banokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kootitshala kwaye bathathe inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwizigqibo zesikolo.
- Ukuzimela kwamaziko: Izikolo zinenkululeko yokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zazo zemfundo kunye nezicwangciso zazo, ezihlala ziphakathi kwesakhelo esiqhelekileyo esibonelelwa nguMphathiswa weMfundo. Oku kuvumela ukufundisa ukulungelelaniswa neemfuno zasekuhlaleni.
- Impumelelo ekufundiseni ulwimi: Abafundi baseFinland bagqwesa kwizakhono zolwimi enkosi ngokuhlala beboniswa isiNgesi kunye nezinye iilwimi kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, ezinje ngeefilimu kwinguqulelo yabo yantlandlolo kunye nemibhalo yeelwimi ezimbini.
Imodeli yemfundo yaseFinland ngumzekelo ocacileyo wendlela ukulingana, indlela ebandakanyayo egxile kwintlalontle yabafundi inokuvelisa iziphumo ezibalaseleyo. ISpain ininzi ekufuneka ifunde kule nkqubo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana uqeqesho lootitshala, inkxaso yezemfundo, notyalo-mali kwizibonelelo. Ukwamkela ezinye zezi zenzo kunokuba linyathelo elibalulekileyo elisingise kwimfundo enobulungisa nekumgangatho ophezulu.
In Spain Ukufundisa kunexesha leminyaka emi-3, hayi i-2
4, ukuba zizidanga zokuqala.