Ukuba ukhe wema ukucinga ngefilosofi nakwisayikholoji, bahlukile omnye komnye kodwa zinxulumene ngeendlela ezininzi. Enye indlela yokunxibelelana kukuba bajongana nemixholo yeengcinga kunye neengcinga. Iindidi zeziphoso nazo ziyabadibanisa.
Sifumana ubuxoki obusengqiqweni nobokuphikisana, iikhonsepthi ezisetyenziselwa ukunika ubunyani okanye zisuse kwizigqibo ezifikelelwe kwincoko nakwingxoxo-mpikiswano. Emva koko siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngolu hlobo lweengcinga.
Zithini iimpazamo?
Ubuxoki sisizathu sokuba nangona kuvakala ngathi yingxoxo esebenzayo, ayisiyiyo. Kukuqiqa okungalunganga kwaye ukuthanda okubonisiweyo akunakwamkelwa kuba akukho semthethweni.
Nokuba ukugqitywa kobuxoki kuyinyani okanye akunjalo (inokuba iyinyani ngamabona-ndenzile), inkqubo ofike ngayo kweso sizathu ayichanekanga kuba ayilandeli imigaqo efanelekileyo. Kubalulekile yamkela iimpikiswano ezingavumelekanga kubudlelwane bemihla ngemihla ukufumana into engeyiyo iinyani ngokupheleleyo.
Ubuxoki kunye nengqondo
Abantu bahlala benotyekelo oluthile kwimbali yokujonga amandla abo okucinga, ukuxhomekeka kwimigaqo esengqiqweni yokwenza kunye nokuphikisana ngokuhambelana.
Iyaqondakala into yokuba umntu omdala ophilileyo ngokwengqondo usebenze ngokuhambelana neenjongo kunye nokuqiqa okunokuchazwa ngokulula kwaye okuhlala kuphantsi kwesakhelo sokuqiqa. Xa umntu eziphatha ngokungacwangciswanga, bekucingelwa ukuba kungenxa yobuthathaka okanye kungenxa yokuba umntu lowo engazi ukuba angakuxabisa njani ukungqinelana kwezenzo zabo.
Sele kule minyaka idlulileyo xa bekuqale ukwamkelwa ukuba isimilo esingenangqondo siphakathi kobomi bethu njengesiqhelo, leyo ukuqiqa kukwahlukile ngaphandle kwenye indlela. Abantu bahamba ngeemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo ezingasoloko zinengqiqo.
Ngenxa yoku, iimpazamo ezikhoyo kule mihla yethu kodwa ekufuneka zaziwe ukuze zibe nobunzima obuncinci ziqalile ukwaziwa. I-Philosophy iphonononga ubuqhetseba ngokwabo kunye nengqondo iphanda ukuba zisetyenziswa njani. Ziimpikiswano zobuxoki ezikhoyo eluntwini.
Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zobuxoki
Kukho ukungapheli kweentlobo zezinto ezingalunganga ke ngoko siza kugxila kwezona ziqhelekileyo. Ngapha koko, besazi abo siza kubanika iinkcukacha, baya kusebenza njengesalathiso ukuze babenakho ukuwafumana kwisizathu. Ukuzilungiselela ukuze uziqonde kakuhle, siza kubabeka ngokwamacandelo amabini: iimpazamo ezisesikweni nezingaqhelekanga.
Ubuxoki obungaqhelekanga
Olu hlobo lokukhohlisa yile nto impazamo yokuqiqa inento yokwenza nomxholo wempikiswano. Zizimpikiswano ezingavumeli ukufikelela kwizigqibo, nokuba indawo iyinyani okanye ayinyani. Oku kuthetha ukuba izimvo ezingenangqondo zisetyenzisiwe kukusebenza kwezinto ukuya Nika imvakalelo yoko kuthethiweyo kuyinyani, kodwa ayisiyiyo.
- Ubuxoki kwintengiso yokungazi. Uluvo luthathelwa phezulu kuba nje lungaboniswa lungelonyani.
- Ubuxoki kwintengiso ye-verecundiam okanye ubuxoki begunya. Ukuba umntu osemagunyeni uthi isiseko kufuneka siyinyani.
- Impikiswano ngenxa yoko. Ukunyaniseka kwesiseko kuxhomekeke ekubeni kuyinqweneleka okanye akunjalo.
- Ukwenza ngokungxama. Ukwenza ngokubanzi.
- I-Straw man inkohliso. Izimvo zomchasi azigxekwa kodwa zisetyenziswa gwenxa.
- Thumela i-hoc ergo propter hoc. Ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo emva kwenye into, kungenxa yokuba ibangelwa yinto yokuqala eyenzekileyo, kungekho bunye ubungqina obuchaza enye into.
- I-Ad hominem inkohliso. Ukunyaniseka kweembono kuyaliwa kuba nje iindawo ezingalunganga zeembono zigqanyisiwe. Banokugqwetha kwakhona.
Iimpazamo ezisesikweni
Kolu hlobo lokukhohlisa kungenxa yokuba umxholo wezimvo awukuvumeli ukufikelela kwisiphelo esele kufikelelwe kuso, ukuba akunjalo ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kweempikiswano benza ukuba isiko lingasebenzi. Ukungaphumeleli akuxhomekekanga kumxholo kodwa ekunxibelelaniseni izimvo. Abaxoki ngokuqiqa ngeengcamango ezingabalulekanga, ukuba akunjalo kuba akukho kungqinelana kwimpikiswano esetyenzisiweyo.
Xa olu hlobo lokukhohlisa lwenzeka, lubonwa ngokubona ukuba impikiswano iyahambelana nemigaqo esengqiqweni okanye hayi. Emva koko siza kubona ezinye iintlobo:
- Ukukhanyelwa kokuchaseneyo. Kukukhohlisa okuqala kuxhomekeke kwimiqathango ethile. Umzekelo: "Ukuba ndimnika rose, uya kuthandana nam." Xa into yokuqala iphikisiwe, kuyachazwa ngokungachanekanga okwesibini ukuba iyaliwe: "Ukuba andimniki rose, akasoze athandane nam."
- Ukuqinisekiswa kwesiphumo. Ikwayinxalenye yemeko ethile kunye nomzekelo wangaphambili, kodwa into yesibini ingena ngokungachanekanga nangona eyokuqala iyinyani. Umzekelo: "Ukuba ndiyavuma, sinobhiya" / "Sinebhiya, ke ndiyavuma".
- Ixesha eliphakathi elingasasazwanga. Sisllogism esidibanisa imilinganiselo emibini kodwa asinasiphelo ngoko ke asinakulungelelana xa sisonke. Umzekelo: "Onke amaGrike ngawaseYurophu", "Amanye amaJamani ngamaYurophu", "Ke ngoko amanye amaJamani sisiGrike".
Isiphelo
Njengoko sele ubonile, ngakumbi ukuba ubungazi ukuba zeziphi izinto ezingezizo ngaphambi kokufunda eli nqaku, zingamabinzana kunye neengxoxo ezisetyenziswa mihla le kubomi babantu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko kwezentlalo, nkqu kwezopolitiko.unokuzifumana uhlala unamaxoki.
Kubalulekile ukuba wazi indlela yokuziqonda nokuzihlalutya ukuze ngale ndlela, nokuba uzifumene, zingagungqi iikhrayitheriya zakho okanye ukucinga kwakho okunzulu. Ngendlela efanayo, wakuba ubazi akuyi kuwela kuzo Kwaye ukuba kufuneka uphikise into, uya kuhlala uyenza ujonge ukunyaniseka ngokupheleleyo kwaye ungakhethi cala.
Ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili, unokuba nokuqonda ngakumbi kwaye ufumane ezo mpazamo zinokuthi ngaphambili zingabonakali kodwa ngoku, uyazi ukuba ziyintoni, zithetha ukuthini kwaye kutheni zisenzeka ngokuchanekileyo. Nokuba umntu othethayo akazi nokuba uyayazi le nto ayithethayo kukuxoka.