I-French Revolution, eyaphawula isiphelo sexesha lobukhosi eFransi; iimfazwe zehlabathi ezatshintsha ubudlelwane bezopolitiko, ezentlalo, kunye noqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela; okanye i-sexual revolution ngexesha lamashumi eminyaka yenzondelelo enkulu yabasetyhini. Zonke ezi yimizekelo ye iinkqubo zentlalo ezinkulu esikubonileyo kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu, apho isenzo esidibeneyo sabantu sakhokelela ekuwohlokeni komgaqo owawusele umiselwe, kwasekwa imithetho emitsha kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho uluhlu lweendlela zokuziphatha apho abantu abangamalungu oluntu babandakanyeka khona.Le yimijikelo enezigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso apho kwenzeka khona utshintsho olukhulu, kokubini kwisakhiwo nakwingqondo ehlangeneyo.
Iinkqubo zentlalo zisekelwe iindlela zokuziphatha ezibandakanya utshintshoAbantu basebenzela ukuqhubela phambili kwabo kwindlela efanelekileyo, nokuba kukufuna inkululeko enkulu, ubulungisa obukhulu kwezentlalo, iimeko zoqoqosho ezingcono, okanye iindlela ezintsha zokuhlala kunye. Ngale ndlela, uluntu luhlala luguqulwa, luhlengahlengiswa, kwaye luhlengahlengiswa.
Umbutho njengento yenkqubo yentlalo
Abantu bahlala besebenzisana; nangona kunjalo, ukuvisisana kwale nyaniso kuxhomekeke ukumisela iipateni ezilawula indima yethu kunye nolwabanye. Ngale ndlela uluntu lwadalwa, olungento ngaphandle kwendalo yonxibelelwano esiyidalile njengemveliso yeengcamango, iiparadigms kunye nemigaqo, kwaye iimpawu zazo zidibene nomzekelo womntu olawulayo kwixesha elithile.
Ukuguquka kweempawu zomntu kunye nokusebenzisana yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweenkqubo zentlalo, okanye iinkqubo zotshintsho. Uluntu luguquko apho sibona khona utshintsho. iqhutywa ziinkqubo zentlalo, kwaye yenziwe ngezi zinto zilandelayo ezisisiseko ezichaphazelekayo xa kwenzeka utshintsho:
Imigaqo nemimiselo: yenziwe ngeseti ye imithetho ethintela kwaye ikhokela ukuziphatha kwiindawo ezithile. Zingabhalwa kwiincwadi ezisesikweni (imithetho, imimiselo, iikhowudi zangaphakathi) okanye zibe ziindlela ezingacwangciswanga (amasiko, iindlela zentlalo, iifashoni) abantu, abaziqhelanise nemeko-bume yabo, abazilawula ngokulula. Xa inkqubo yentlalo iphumelela, idla ngokushiya uphawu lwayo kweli nqanaba elimiselweyo, nokuba kukutshintsha imithetho, amaziko, okanye imithetho yokuhlala kunye.
Ubudlelwane boluntu: Uluntu lwakhiwe phezu ubudlelwane obusekwe phakathi kwabantu ngabanye kunye namaqelaKwaye utshintsho oluye lwenzeka kwisakhiwo sayo luxhomekeke ekuguqukeni kweli candelo (elithi, ngokwalo, libe yinkqubo yentlalo). Utshintsho ekubeni ngubani onxulumene nabani, phantsi kweziphi iimeko, kwaye ngawaphi amanqanaba okulingana okanye ulawulo olubonisa kwaye luqhuba utshintsho olunzulu.
Abantu: abantu kunye neempawu zabo iimpawu zomntu ngamnye Imilinganiselo, iinkolelo, izinto abanomdla kuzo, iimfuno kunye nezakhono zabo zilawula uphuhliso lwabo kuluntu. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokubakho kwabo njengeearhente zotshintsho: ngaphandle kwabantu abakwaziyo ukubuza, ukusebenzisana, ukuchasa, okanye ukuphakamisa, akukho nkqubo yentlalo enokwenzeka.
Izizathu: Yila amandla aqhuba izenzo zabantu ngabanyeOku kuquka izinto abazilindeleyo, izinto abazilangazelelayo, uloyiko, ukuphoxeka, kunye neminqweno yokuphucula. Xa ezi zizathu zabelana ngazo ngamaqela amakhulu (umzekelo, umnqweno wokulingana, uxolo, okanye imivuzo engcono), ziba yinjini enamandla yotshintsho kuluntu.
Iinkolelo: ngaphambili, i inkolelo yonqulo okanye yembono Iinkolelo ezithethwa ngamalungu eqela lentlalo zazimisela kakhulu indima yawo kulo kunye nomgangatho wokwamkelwa abawufumanayo. Namhlanje, eli candelo alisoloko liqinisekisa, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi lihlala liyinto ethintelayo okanye imbangela yokukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Iinkqubo zentlalo zihlala ziquka umzabalazo malunga nentsingiselo yezi nkolelo kunye nokuba semthethweni kwemilinganiselo ethile.
Ukuze siqonde ngcono ukuba inkqubo yentlalo ibandakanya ntoni, kuyanceda ukuqala ngesikali esincinci: umntu ngamnye. Makhe sicinge ngomntu ozimeleyo, kunye ubuntu, iingcinga, amava kunye neempawu zakhoLo mntu unengcamango yokwenyani kwaye useka ubudlelwane nendawo akuyo. Iziganeko zangaphandle (iingxaki zoqoqosho, utshintsho lwetekhnoloji, iintshukumo zenkcubeko, iingxabano zezopolitiko) zinempembelelo enkulu, ethi kancinci kancinci iguqulele ekubeni lutshintsho kwiimpawu zakhe, itshintshe ubudlelwane bakhe nabanye.
Kancinci, iziganeko ezincinci zokwahluka Ziqokelelana ngamawaka okanye izigidi zabantu de kubekho utshintsho olukhulu kwihlabathi liphela kwindlela abantu abacinga ngayo nakwindlela abacinga ngayo. Xa olu tshintsho lufikelela kubantu abaninzi kwaye lubonakaliswa kwiindlela ezintsha zombutho, imikhwa emitsha, imithetho, okanye amaxabiso adibeneyo, sithetha nge inkqubo yentlaloNgamanye amazwi, yindlela apho uluntu luyeka ukuba yiloo nto lwaluyiyo luze lube yinto eyahlukileyo, nangona luhlala luhamba kancinci kancinci kwaye buthule.
Iimpawu ezichaza ukwenzeka kweenkqubo zentlalo
Iinkqubo zentlalo iziganeko zokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi Ezi zinto ziyavela xa uluntu luthatha imbono eyahlukileyo malunga nengcamango, isiganeko, iqela, okanye amava. Kulapho ke kwenzeka khona amanyathelo otshintsho: imibhikisho, utshintsho, iintshukumo zenkcubeko, amaziko amatsha, okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokucinga. Kwangaxeshanye, amacandelo ezentlalo anokusabela kwisongelo lotshintsho ngendlela enobutshaba, ekhuthazwa yi uloyiko lokulahlekelwa ngamalungelo okanye uzinzo bejongene nomyalelo omtsha.
Ngokwembono yezentlalo, ezinye iimpawu ngokubanzi zichaziwe ezinceda ekuchongeni nasekuqondeni ezi nkqubo:
- Unxibelelwano oluhambelanayo: Abantu ngabanye kunye namaqela abapheleli nje ekwenzeni okuthile kwabanye, kodwa bakwaphendula baze balungelelanise nezenzo zabanye. Izigqibo zeqela elinye zibangela ukusabela kwabanye, zivelise uthotho lwezenzo kunye neempendulo ezibumba indlela yenkqubo.
- Indalo eguqukayo neqhubekayo: Iinkqubo zentlalo azizoziganeko ezizimeleyo, kodwa ziinguqu ezitshintshayo rhoqo zivela ukuphendula kwiinguqu zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle (ubuchule bobuchwephesha, ukufuduka, iingxaki zoqoqosho, utshintsho lwenkcubeko, iimfazwe, izivumelwano zoxolo, njl.njl.).
- Ubude obuphakathi okanye obude: Zihlala zikhula ixesha elide, nto leyo evumela ukuba zivelise utshintsho olukhulu lwembali ezitshintsha indlela yokuphila kwabantu.
- Ububanzi kunye nobubanzi bamacandelo amaninzi: bandakanya amacandelo ahlukeneyo (iiklasi zentlalo, amaziko ezopolitiko, amaqela ezoqoqosho, imibutho yoluntu, iintshukumo zenkcubeko, njl.njl.) kwaye zibonakaliswa kwiinyani nezenzo ezihlala zisebenza ixesha elithile.
- Impembelelo yenkcubeko, yezoqoqosho neyezopolitiko: imigangatho yenkcubeko, izixhobo zoqoqosho ezikhoyo, kunye izakhiwo zamandla Izinto ezikhoyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela ezi nkqubo ezibonakala ngayo, ezikhawulezisa ngayo, okanye ezicothisa ngayo isantya, kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo uluntu.
- Impembelelo entle nembi: inokunceda kwi uzinzo kunye nokuphila kakuhle (njengentsebenziswano kunye nomanyano) okanye ukudala uxinzelelo kunye nokungalingani (njengongquzulwano okanye ukhuphiswano olugqithisileyo). Inkqubo efanayo inokuba nemiphumo emihle kumaqela athile kunye nemiphumo emibi kwabanye.
- Imfuneko yentsebenziswano enkulu: Ukuze inkqubo yentlalo ihlangane, ifuna ukuthatha inxaxheba okucwangcisiweyo (ecacileyo okanye engacacanga) yabantu abaninzi abenza ngokweembono ezithile, izinto abanomdla kuzo, okanye iimfuno ezifanayo.
- Ubunzima bokuqikelela: Ekuqaleni badla ngokuba kunzima ukuqonda kwaye ulindele yonke into; kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha apho izizathu zayo, iziphumo kunye nobubanzi bokwenyani ziyacaca.
- Indawo yokuqala ifumaneka xa Unxibelelwano loluntu luphuhla phantsi kweendlela eziphindaphindwayo kubantu abahlukeneyo. Uphuhliso lweenkqubo zentlalo lungachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Utshintsho kwiimbono: Kusekwa ingcamango okanye ingcamango entsha enokuvela kumntu okanye kwiqela (umzekelo, ingcamango yokuba bonke abantu banamalungelo afanayo).
- Ukuphindaphinda kokunxibelelana nabantu: Xa loo ngcinga ihambelana nabanye abantu, iindlela zokuziphatha ziyatshintsha, imiyalezo iyabelwana ngayo, iindlela zokuziphatha ziyaphindaphindwa, kwaye imikhwa yakhelwe kuloo mbono mtsha.
- Izenzo ezidibeneyo: Imbono entsha malunga nesiganeko ivuselela emntwini umnqweno wokuba utshintsho lwendlela yokusebenzaNgoko ke, amanyathelo athathwayo ajolise ekufezekiseni iinjongo: ukuququzelela iintshukumo, ukudala imithetho, amaphulo okwazisa, ukungayilandeli imithetho, ii-cooperatives, njl.
- Inkqubo yotshintsho oludibeneyo: xa indlela entsha yokujonga izinto ifikelele kwi abantu abaninzi abamele uluntu kwaye ibonakaliswa kwiziseko, amaxabiso, kunye nokuziphatha okuhlala ixesha elide, kuthathwa njengotshintsho oluzinzileyo kwezentlalo olwenzekileyo.
Ukuchonga izinto kwiinkqubo zentlalo
Ukongeza kwiimpawu zazo ngokubanzi, yonke inkqubo yentlalo idibanisa izinto ezithile ezibalulekileyo ezisivumela ukuba siqonde apho zivela khona nendlela eziphuhla ngayo:
- Ubunyani kwezentlalo: iquka iimpawu, ubudlelwane kunye nemilinganiselo yehlabathi eziquka icandelo okanye iqela. Ziquka inkqubo yezoqoqosho, umbutho wezopolitiko, inkcubeko elawulayo, ukungalingani okukhoyo, kunye neseti yemigaqo kunye namaziko abumba ubomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Umntu: njengaye abathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwindawo abakuyo Abantu bayakwazi ukwenza utshintsho ngeendlela abazibona ngayo izinto, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zabo zobuqu, amava abo, kunye nolwalamano nendawo abakuyo. Isigqibo sokuthatha inxaxheba kumboniso, ukuxhasa injongo ethile, okanye ukutshintsha umkhwa wokusebenzisa izinto yimizekelo yezenzo ezincinci ezithi, xa zidibene, zikhuthaze iinkqubo zentlalo.
- Ubudlelwane boluntu: zezi unxibelelwano lwemihla ngemihla nolucwangcisiweyo Olu nxibelelwano lwenzeka phakathi kwabantu abahlukeneyo namaqela ahlukeneyo: usapho, isikolo, umsebenzi, iinethiwekhi zentlalo, imibutho, amaqela ezopolitiko, njl. Ngale ndlela, iingcamango ziyasasazeka, iimfuno ziyasasazwa, kwaye izenzo ezidibeneyo ziyaququzelelwa.
- Izinto zangaphandle: imalunga ne iziganeko zezopolitiko, zembali, zoqoqosho okanye ezisingqongileyo ezinokuchaphazela izenzo zomntu ngamnye kunye neqela ngokubanzi. Ingxaki yezoqoqosho, intlekele yendalo, ingxabano exhobileyo, ukuvela kwetekhnoloji entsha, okanye ubhubhane yimizekelo yezinto zangaphandle ezinokukhawulezisa okanye zibangele iinkqubo zentlalo.
- Impendulo kwizinto zangaphandle: Apha sijonga indlela esetyenziswa ngayo Imeko-bume kunye nemeko inefuthe kwingqondo yabantu bonkeAbantu banokuqhelana, baxhathise, bavukele, bahlele, okanye barhoxe, kwaye nganye kwezi mpendulo ikhuthaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo (intsebenziswano, ingxabano, ukhuphiswano, ukuhlanganiswa, njl.njl.).
Iindidi zeenkqubo zentlalo: ezilungileyo, ezimbi, ezidibeneyo, kunye nezidibanisayo
Iinkqubo zentlalo zingahlulwahlulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu kukwahlula phakathi iinkqubo ezilungileyo nezingalungangakwaye enye, enempembelelo enkulu kwezentlalo, umahluko phakathi iinkqubo ezidibeneyo nezidibanisayoNgaphezu koko, kuqhelekile ukuthetha ngentsebenziswano, ukhuphiswano, ukulungelelana, ukuhlanganisana, kunye neengxabano njengeentlobo eziphambili zeenkqubo ezisisiseko.
Ngokwembono yeziphumo ezilindelekileyo zokuhlalisana:
- Iinkqubo zentlalo "ezilungileyo": Ezi zezo apho amaqela adla ngokwenza sebenzisana, tshintshiselana kwaye ubonise umanyanoZikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa, umanyano lwentlalo, kunye nokwakhiwa kwezivumelwano (umz., intsebenziswano kunye nokulungiselela).
- Iinkqubo zentlalo "ezingalunganga": zezo apho uninzi lwazo lubalaseleyo ukhuphiswano, ukujongana, okanye ukuvinjelwa Iingxabano phakathi kwamaqela (ezifana neengxabano ezivulekileyo, ukuthintela, okanye iintlobo ezithile zokhuphiswano olugqithisileyo) zinokubangela ubundlobongela, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle, okanye ukwanda kokungalingani.
Udidi lweklasikhi lwesosioloji luquka:
- Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo: Ezi ziindlela zobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisana ngazo Ziyatsalana kwaye ziyadibana ngakumbi.Ziquka intsebenziswano, ukwamkela, kunye nokuhambelana kwiimeko ezithile. Ziyindlela yokubonakalisa iimpawu zentlalo ezifana nobulungisa kunye nokuqondana, kwaye zisebenza ukugcina uluntu luyinto ephilayo.
- Iinkqubo zokudibanisa: Ezi zizinto abantu abazisebenzisayo ukuze bafumane into abayifunayo. Bayazikhwebula baze bangabi nankxaso ingakoZiquka ingxabano, izithintelo, kunye nokhuphiswano. Zibonisa izinto ezimbi zentlalo ezifana nokungabikho kobulungisa, intiyo, okanye ukudelela abanye. Zibizwa ngokuba zi-dissociative kuba abathathi-nxaxheba bayangqubana omnye nomnye endaweni yokuba bavisisane.
Kule nkqubo ibanzi, kukho iintlobo ezithile zeenkqubo zentlalo ezibonakala kulo naliphi na uluntu:
Iinkqubo zentsebenziswano
Iinkqubo zentsebenziswano zenzeka xa abantu ngabanye okanye amaqela Basebenza kunye ngenjongo yokufezekisa injongo efanayoKwezi ntlobo zentshukumo, ubumbano, intlonipho, kunye noxanduva oluhlanganyelweyo ziyaphambili. Zithathwa njengeenkqubo ezilungileyo kuba zithanda ukuvelisa utshintsho olulungileyo kubantu abaninzi ababandakanyekayo.
Intsebenziswano inokwenzeka kwinqanaba elincinci (amaqela omsebenzi, iintsapho, amaqela oluntu) okanye kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zentlalo (imigaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke, uthungelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe, imibutho yabemi). Umzekelo oqhelekileyo unokufumaneka kwi amandla ophuhliso oluzinzileyo eziquka iinkampani, imibutho, oorhulumente kunye nabantu ngabanye abaququzelela amanyathelo okukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Iinkqubo zokhuphiswano
Kwiinkqubo zokhuphiswano, oku kulandelayo kugxininiswa: umzabalazo wezixhobo ezinqongopheleyoUdumo, amandla, okanye ukuqatshelwa. Abantu okanye amaqela akhuphisana ngezinto eziphathekayo (imali, ukutya, umhlaba, izindlu) okanye ngezinto ezifuziselayo (isikhundla sentlalo, udumo, imisebenzi, impembelelo kwezopolitiko).
Nangona ukhuphiswano lunokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nenkqubela phambili kwiindawo ezithile (ezifana noqoqosho okanye iteknoloji), lunokukhokelela uxinezeleko, ukungalingani kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle xa iba yinto egqithisileyo. Ithathwa njengenguqu engalunganga xa kukho iingenelo ezimbalwa kuphela kwaye uninzi lushiyeka ngasemva. Umzekelo wemihla ngemihla ngulo ukhuphiswano kwimarike yabasebenzi ukufumana ukunyuswa emsebenzini, umsebenzi ohlawula ngcono, okanye ukuzinza okukhulu.
Iinkqubo zokuhlala
Ukulungiswa kwenzeka xa abantu ababini okanye ngaphezulu okanye amaqela enza ngendlela ezama ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela iingxabano zexesha elizayoIvela emva kwamava oxinzelelo okanye ukujongana, kwaye ifuna ukudala iindlela ezivumela ukuhlalisana ngoxolo nangona kukho umahluko.
Ingazibonakalisa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo: ukusuka kwi ukunyamezelana kunye nokuvumela izivumelwano ezivumelanayo, ukuya kuthi ga kwizivumelwano ezisemthethweni ezibandakanya ukulamla, ukuthethathethana, kunye noxolelwaniso. Imizekelo ibandakanya: izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zokuqinisekisa uxolo, izivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela ezopolitiko zokulawula okanye imithetho yoluntu elawula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezabelwana ngazo (ezifana namanzi okanye umhlaba).
Iinkqubo zokuhlanganisa
Ukudibana kwenzeka xa iqela lentlalo ihlangana nelinye iqela eliphambiliUkwamkela amasiko, amaxabiso, kunye neendlela zokuphila zezinye iinkcubeko kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kancinci okanye ngokupheleleyo kobume bazo bokuqala benkcubeko. Oku kudla ngokuvela kwiimeko zokungena ekoloni, ukufuduka kwabantu abaninzi, okanye ubudlelwane bamandla obungalinganiyo kakhulu.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto kuye kwanxulunyaniswa iinkqubo zobundlobongela zokunyanzeliswa kwenkcubeko nenkoloapho inkcubeko elawulayo izinyanzela kwenye into engaphantsi kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, inokwenzeka kancinci kancinci kwaye inganyanzelisi kangako, xa iqela ligqiba ekubeni liziqhelanise ukuze lifumane amathuba angcono kwezoqoqosho okanye kwezentlalo.
Iinkqubo zengxabano, izithintelo, kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela ukwahlukana
Ukongeza kwintsebenziswano, ukhuphiswano, ukulungelelaniswa, kunye nokudibanisa, i-sociology ichaze ezinye iinkqubo ezifana ingxabano kunye nokuphazamisekaKwingxabano, amaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu ajongana ngokukhululekileyo ngenxa yemidla echaseneyo, nokuba ngokomfuziselo (iingxabano eziphikisanayo, iiphulo zeendaba) okanye ngogonyamelo (iingxabano, iimfazwe, ugonyamelo lwasesitratweni).
Kwelinye icala, isithintelo sibhekisa kwezo zenzo zifuna ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwelinye iqela ngaphandle kokucebisa enye indlela. Inokwenzeka kwicandelo lezopolitiko (ukuthintela utshintsho), kwicandelo lezentlalo (ukungavumi amanyathelo abanye), okanye kwicandelo lezoqoqosho (izenzo zokuzimela, zithintela urhwebo lwabakhuphisana). Ezi nkqubo, nangona zithathwa njengezingalunganga, zikwayinxalenye yentshukumo yoluntu kwaye zinokubangela iimpendulo zombutho, ukuchasana, kunye notshintsho.
Unxibelelwano lwentlalo njengesiseko seenkqubo zentlalo
Khawucinge ngentsasa eqhelekileyo: njengoko uphuma endlwini yakho usiya emsebenzini, udibana nommelwane wakho ezele zizinto zokutya ezivela emarikeni. Uyambulisa ngembeko uze uvule ucango. Ungena emotweni yakho, uze, endleleni, ukhwaze abaqhubi abathathu abakunqamla, besenza uphawu lokungabi namonde. Ufika emsebenzini uze udibane noogxa bakho ukuze ukujoyina imizamo kwiprojekthi efanayoZonke ezi yimizekelo unxibelelwano lwentlalo lwemihla ngemihlaezibeka iziseko zophuhliso loluntu.
Kuye kwafunyaniswa, ngezifundo kunye nokuqwalaselwa, ukuba iarhente ephambili yeenkqubo zentlalo Kukuvela konxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu abahlukeneyo. Indlela esinxulumana ngayo iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha: indlela esinxibelelana ngayo, oko sikubona kufanelekile, indlela esisombulula ngayo iingxabano, oko sikulindeleyo malunga negunya okanye ukulingana. Ezinye zeendlela ezisisiseko zonxibelelwano zezi:
U velwano: Iziqulatho ze unxibelelwano lweemvakalelo kunye nenyaniso yomnye umntuKubandakanya ukuqonda oko omnye umntu akuvakalelwayo okanye akuvayo, okunokukhokelela umntu ukuba athathe inyathelo lokuzuzisa loo mntu okanye iqela. Uvelwano olukhulayo kumaqela acalucalulwayo, umzekelo, luye lwakhokelela kwiinkqubo ezininzi zotshintsho lwentlalo ukuze kuxhaswe amalungelo abo.
Ukudibana: Lulwalamano olulula apho amaqela abandakanyekayo Bafumana inzuzo ethe ngqo ukusuka ekusekweni kwesivumelwano. Luhlobo lwentsebenziswano apho inzuzo ingekho kwindawo yangaphandle, kodwa onke amaqela afumana umvuzo ocacileyo (umzekelo, imibutho yezoshishino, izivumelwano phakathi koluntu, uthungelwano lwenkxaso-mali).
Ukuchasana: ubudlelwane inkcaso kunye nokuchasa xa sijongana nengcamango okanye inyani yamaqela esithathu, siseka ubudlelwane bengxabano nabo sibabona njengosongelo okanye ngokuchaseneyo nemilinganiselo kunye nezinto esinomdla kuzo. Ubudlelwane obunjalo buhlala bunamandla okwenza phula ulungelelwano olumiselweyo ngamandla, eqhuba iinkqubo zengxabano ezinokukhokelela kutshintsho oluyimfuneko nakwiingxaki ezinkulu.
Intsebenziswano: Yi ubudlelwane bomanyano apho abantu abaninzi badibana khona ukuze bafezekise injongo enye. Ingcamango yokusebenzisana inxulumene ngokusondeleyo apha, apho isimbuku semizamo siqhuba khona okulungileyo okukhulu. Iiprojekthi zoluntu, amaphulo omanyano, kunye nemibutho yoluntu yimizekelo yentsebenziswano esebenzayo.
Ukhuphiswano: yiyo inkuthazo yokugqitha oontanga bethu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Kubandakanya ukulinganisa imizamo ngokuchasene nabanye, endaweni yokuthelekisa wena. Xa ifikelela kwinqanaba elingapheliyo, umntu okanye iqela linokuba nomnqweno ogqithisileyo wokuziphucula, lide lijonge abanye njengabachasi abasisigxina. Kwiidosi ezithile, inokukhuthaza inkqubela phambili, kodwa ngokugqithisileyo, inokutshabalalisa umanyano loluntu.
Isenzo seenkqubo zentlalo kunye nemizekelo ebonakalayo
Ukuba bekufuneka sishwankathele impembelelo yeenkqubo zentlalo ngesivakalisi esinye, besingathetha uphuhliso lweengcamango kunye nezakhiwoNgenxa yezi nkqubo, uluntu luye lwakwazi ukutshintsha indlela olusebenza ngayo kunye nemilinganiselo yalo ukuze luhambelane neemfuno zabantu kwixesha ngalinye, kwiimeko ezininzi luye lwanyamezela ngakumbi kwaye luvuleleke kwimiba ethile.
Injongo yezi ziganeko, nangona zingacaci rhoqo, kukuba uphuhliso loluntu oluphuhlileyo ngakumbiUluntu oluneempawu zobudlelwane obuvisisanayo phakathi kwabantu. Uluntu olunobulungisa ngakumbi apho wonke umntu, ngobuntu bakhe, enendawo yokwamkelwa, ukuqatshelwa, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba.
Eminye imizekelo yangoku nexhaphakileyo yeenkqubo zentlalo yile:
- Ukhuseleko lwendalo: Xa abemi beqonda ukubaluleka kokukhathalela okusingqongileyo baze babandakanyeke kwizenzo ezibonakalayo (ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezintsha, ukusetyenziswa ngokunenkathalo, ukubeka uxinzelelo koorhulumente nakwiinkampani), inkqubo yentlalo iyaveliswa eguqula imikhwa yokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha, imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu kunye neemodeli zophuhliso.
- Uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye nophuhliso lwehlabathi: Ukukhula kwamashishini kunye nokuhlanganiswa koqoqosho lwehlabathi kuye kwatshintsha kakhulu indlela yokuphila, ukulungelelaniswa komsebenzi, ukuhamba kwabantu abafudukela kwamanye amazwe, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe.
- Ukufuduka: Ukufuduka koluntu ukuya kwiindawo ezintsha ngumzekelo wenkqubo yokuhlanganisana, ukwamkela, kunye neengxabano ngaxeshanye, kuba uluntu olufudukayo kufuneka luziqhelanise nenkcubeko entsha ngelixa iindawo ezifumanayo ziphinda zizilungiselele ukuze zibadibanise okanye, ngamanye amaxesha, zibakhuphele ngaphandle.
- Iintshukumo zentlalo zamalungelo oluntu nawabasetyhini: Imibutho elwela ukulingana ngokobuhlanga, ngokwesini, ngokwesini, okanye ngokwemigangatho yoluntu ibonisa iinkqubo zengxabano kunye nentsebenziswano ezidala utshintsho olukhulu kwizakhiwo zomthetho, zezopolitiko nezenkcubeko.
- Inkcubeko yoxolo nokwahlukahluka: Amanyathelo akhuthaza ukusonjululwa ngoxolo kweengxabano, ukuhlonitshwa kokwahluka kwenkcubeko kunye nesini, kunye nokuthintela ubundlobongela yimizekelo ecacileyo yeenkqubo ezidibeneyo ezijolise ekuqiniseni umanyano loluntu.
Ngenxa yophuhliso lwentlalo, sisebenza yonke imihla sijonge phambili umxholo uhambelana ngakumbi nemilinganiselo ye-ideality esizilawulayo. Nangona sisazi ukuba iimeko ezigqibeleleyo azinakufezekiswa kwaye zisebenza njengeemilinganiselo zokuthelekisa kuphela, abantu badla ngokuhlala besebenzela ukuphucula inkqubo ebangqongileyo. Iinkqubo zentlalo yindlela, ngamanye amaxesha ephikisanayo kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi, apho la maphupha aba yinyani yembali.