Ifilosofi yenye yezona nzululwazi zibalaseleyo umntu akwaziyo ukuzifunda, ngayo sifuna ukufumana impendulo ngqo kwimibuzo ekhoyo inxulunyaniswa nokufunyanwa kobukho. Ifilosofi inemvelaphi yayo eGrisi, apho izithandi zobulumko zokuqala zazalelwa ukunika intsingiselo nakwisizukulwana esilandelayo esiza kuzinikezela ekufundeni izinto ezenzeka kwindalo ngendlela enengqiqo.
Amacandelo aliqela awandulelayo njengento yokufunda into ethile evela kuyo, umzekelo, imigaqo yokuziphatha, i-aesthetics, i-ontology kunye namanye amasebe abumba yonke into kwindalo iphela, yonke loo nto ayinakusilela ukuba nengcaciso.okanye ifilosofi yokufunda.
Yintoni ifilosofi?
Ukuthanda ubulumko owazalelwa eGrisi yamandulo, eli gama lazalwa ezandleni zikaPythagoras. Izithandi zobulumko zokuqala zazifuna ukunika iimpendulo kuyo yonke into ngokufumana ulwazi. Kukho abo bajonge ubuhle ngaphezulu kokusebenza njengoPlato, okanye abo bafuna ingcinga okanye ingcaciso ngeziganeko ezenzeke kwindalo ngendlela echazayo.
Kancinci kancinci yayizinkolelo ezendeleyo zooThixo namandla abo okulawula izinto zendalo ezaqala ukubumba ifilosofi, owayengasoneliseki ngumbono wokuba nguZeyus owenza amazulu; Ngoku, kwakukho into engaphaya, ngaphaya koThixo, kukho ukuba kunye nokufumanisa kunye nokuhlolwa kwezinto zazizezimbini ezazisekwe ekuzalweni kwefilosofi.
Ngokungafaniyo nenkolo, ifilosofi ayisiyiyo inkolelo kwizinto zendalo, yinkcazo yohlalutyo kunye nengqiqo yento engenakuqondwa; leyo yeyona njongo yayo iphambili, isekwe kwinto yokuba kukho indalo engenasiphelo ehlala umntu.
Kwimigca ngokubanzi, inyani, ubuhle, isimilo, ingqondo, ubukho, ulwimi kunye nolwazi; Zizinto ekuthethwa ngazo eziya kuthi zinike isiphetho esingasemva kwento ekujongwe ukuba ifundwe.
Zithini iZiyalo zefilosofi?
Okokuqala, uqeqesho lwefilosofi yinkcazo esisiseko yomxholo ojolise ekufundeni imeko ethile ngakumbi; isekwe kwinkcazo yezinto zayo kunye kwinqaku elinxulumene noqeqesho olo. Zintathu iindlela eziphambili zefilosofi kwaye zezi zilandelayo:
Ingqiqo
Ayisiyo isayensi esesikweni, kodwa luqeqesho olusetyenziswa kufundo lwefilosofi. Ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kuba isusa isimilo okanye isiphumo sokugqibela sombulelo kwiinkqubo zokuqonda ezikhawulezayo; ngaphandle kokushiya ngasemva kufuneka uhlalutye nzulu into ofuna ukuyifunda.
I-etymology yeli gama ivela kwi "logos" kwaye inxulumene nemibono, ingcinga, isizathu okanye umgaqo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ilandela loo ngcamango yenzululwazi efunda izimvo.
I-Logic isetyenziselwa ukwenza intsingiselo yento esekwe kwindawo ukufikelela kwisiphelo. Ivumelekile okanye hayi, ingqiqo soloko ujonga ukuqonda malunga ne-esoteric.
Ontology
Olu qeqesho lufuna ukufundisisa amaziko akhoyo okanye awekho. Igama "ontho" livela kulwimi lwesiGrike kwaye lithetha ukuba, ngoko-ontology, Yisifundo sokuba, sokuba. Ihamba kunye ne-metaphysics, efuna ukufunda ngeziganeko ezenzeka emntwini ngokwakhiwa kwendalo.
Iindlela zokuziphatha
Olu qeqesho sesinye seziseko zefilosofi, yisayensi ehlala ifuna ukuqonda okulungileyo kokubi esekwe kuyo imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nokuzibophelela kubomi bakho nakuluntu.
Kukunika amandla okuchaphazela isimilo esihle kwizinto ezimbi ngokuya ngokuziphatha komntu.
Iimpawu ezinje ngokulunga, ulonwabo, ubuhle, umsebenzi kunye nokuzalisekiswa ziintsika ezixhasa ukufundwa kwamakhono abantu kwizinto ezikhoyo, xa zizonke. Iindlela zokuziphatha kwicandelo lalo, lifuna indlela yokucacisa isimilo kwinkqubo ekufuneka igwetywe ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ukubeka umda phakathi kokulungileyo nokungalunganga kwenza imibuzo emitsha kunye nemibono malunga noko kuthathwa njengokufanelekileyo kunye nokungasasebenziyo okanye okungalunganga okuvela rhoqo. Ke imigaqo yokuziphatha ayinanto ngaphandle kwesigwebo sokuziphatha.
I-Aesthetics
KwiGrisi yamandulo ngokukodwa, i-aesthetics yayinokubaluleka okufanelekileyo kuba isiphelo esihle safunwa kwinto enokuthi ithathwa njengesebenzayo. A) Ewe, funda iimpawu ezenza into okanye umntu abe mhle, kwaye emva koko iphonononge ubugcisa bekhosi njengobuhle bayo obuphambili kwezinye izinto ezinokuba zibangele ukufezekiswa komsebenzi othethiweyo.
Zombini iindlela zokuziphatha kunye ne-aesthetics zinobume obuxhomekeke ekubeni okona kufanelekileyo ukugweba kuyadingeka apho kufundiswa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezenza into ekuthethwa ngayo.
Ke, ngokujonga "intle" kufuneka igcine iindlela ezininzi ukuze kufikelelwe kwisigqibo sefilosofi kwaye hayi isigwebo esilula sobuhle. Soloko uthathela ingqalelo oko imbono yobuhle into nganye enayo yahlukile.
I-Epistemology
Olu qeqesho lufunda ulwazi, yiyo, ingqokelela yeembali, ezentlalontle kunye nenyaniso Ndiyakwazi ukukhankanya impendulo eqinileyo esekwe ekufumaneni ulwazi lwesayensi.
I-Epistemology okanye ifilosofi ethathelwa ingqalelo yesayensi, ifunda ngamanqanaba ohlukeneyo olwazi kunye nendlela isifundo esikwazi ngayo ukudala ubudlelwane kunye nento eyaziwayo.
Gnoseology
I-Epistemology ifuna ukufumana imvelaphi yolwazi, ikwabizwa ngokuba yiTheory yolwazi. Isifundo ngokulandelelana, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda ezenziwa yingqondo fumana imvelaphi enokubakho yolwazi olufunyenweyo.
Njengolunye uqeqesho, i-gnoseology inezakhiwo eziphambili zokuyiphumeza ngokuchanekileyo kuhlalutyo lwenzululwazi: "ukwazi njani", "ukwazi ntoni" kunye "nokwazi".
Axiology
Funda amaxabiso, olu qeqesho lubaluleke kakhulu kuba kwizithandi zobulumko zamaGrike "ixabiso" yintsingiselo enikwe yonke into. Ukuziphatha kuyinxalenye yexabiso elisisiseko lefilosofi ngokwalo.
Ijolise, ukuze, ikwazi ukwahlula phakathi kokuxabiseka nokuba kuko, ukujongwa kwakhona kuyabandakanyeka ukusukela ekubeni nakho ukugweba isifundo ofunda okanye avavanye into, ineenketho kunye neemeko ezinxulumene nembono yazo yexabiso.
Isilinganiselo samaxabiso sinokuvumela ukulinganiswa kwexabiso elilinganayo, nangona kunjalo, i-axiology iya kuhlala inxulunyaniswa nokuziphatha kunye nobuhle bokugweba kwefilosofi.
Ifilosofi yeAnthropology
Olu qeqesho lufuna ukufundisisa umntu njengento efanelekileyo yokufunda kwaye emva koko abe sisifundo esinolwazi lwefilosofi.
Yahlukile kwi-ontology kuba ayifuni ukufundisisa umntu kunye nobuntu obumfanisayo, kunoko, kunjalo Hlalutya imeko efanelekileyo yendoda eyahlulahlula kwinto yokomoya enikwa ithuba kuyo.
Umbuzo wokuqala uvela njengentsika yesiseko se-anthropology Uyintoni umntu? Kwi-Kant, esi siqulatho siquka yintoni endinokuyazi? Ndingalindela ntoni Ndenze ntoni? ezibangelwa yimigaqo yokuziphatha, i-epistemology kunye nenkolo; Enkosi koku iyakwazi ukwahlula kwaye ichaze ngokuchanekileyo injongo yefilosofi ye-anthropology.