Sukoyika ... Oku akusiyo "unyango lweFrankenstein" apho kuvulwa khona intloko yesigulana kunye nesiqingatha sobuchopho basuswe kuso ukuze siyeke ukubandezeleka.
Ngenye imini ndabona intetho yeTED (ndiya kuyithumela kamva) apho i-neurosurgeon yathetha malunga nendlela abayichonga ngayo ingqondo ngokupheleleyo ngokomsebenzi owenzayo kuthi, oko kukuthi, Bazi kakuhle ukuba yeyiphi indawo yengqondo elawula ulwimi, intshukumo, njl. Emva kokuba ezi ndawo zichongiwe, ziye zakwazi ukufumana umntu onesifo i-Alzheimer's ekuqaleni, umzekelo, ukuba aphinde abuyele kwiindawo ezisebenzayo zengqondo "ezivaliweyo" ngesi sifo.
Baye bayifumana njani? Nge umbane.
Baye bavavanya olu nyango lutsha kwi abantu abanokudakumba okukhulu kwaye unyango lwabo, unyango lwengqondo kunye namayeza, bebengasebenzi. Iziphumo bezilandelayo:
Xa umntu enengxaki yoxinzelelo kukho indawo ezithile zobuchopho ezinomsebenzi ophantsi kakhulu kwaye indawo enye ngokukodwa, indawo enxulumene nosizi, esebenzayo kakhulu. Ngokufakwa kwee-electrode, ezo ndawo zinomsebenzi omncinci okanye akukho msebenzi ziyavuselelwa kwaye "Indawo yosizi" iyancipha kumsebenzi ukuya kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo. Yinto emangalisayo?
Ndikushiya ne intetho ukuze nizigwebe ngokwenu.
I-Neuromodulation kunye ne-Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
I-neuromodulation yengqondo ufaka i-electrodes kwii-nuclei ezithile eziqhagamshelwe kwi-subcutaneous generator (ingqondo "i-pacemaker"). Ngokusebenzisa iimpembelelo zombane ezicwangcisekileyo Iisekethe ezibandakanyekayo kwiimpawu zimodulated. Kuxinzelelo oluxhathisa iziyobisi kunye nonyango lwengqondo, malunga nezigulane ezi-6 kwezili-10 unokufumana uphuculo olufanelekileyo lweklinikhi xa kuboniswe kwiiprotokholi zophando kwaye phantsi kokhetho olungqongqo.
I-ECP sele ibonakalise ukuba luncedo kwi I-Parkinson, ukungcangcazela okubalulekileyo kunye ne-dystonias, kwaye uphononongwa kwiintlungu kunye nokuxhuzula. Kwimpilo yengqondo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ibekelwe amatyala aphikisayo kwaye inikezelwa kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo kunye nolandelelo lweenkqubo ezininzi.
Isebenza njani kwaye zeziphi iindawo ezikhuthazwayo?
Inkqubo iquka i-electrodes, intambo engaphantsi kwe-subcutaneous, kunye nejeneretha enokucwangciswa. Ugqirha uyalungisa ubukhulu, ubungakanani bokubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokuphindaphinda, ukuvumela i-mono okanye i-bipolar stimulation. DBS nguye iyahlengahlengiswa kwaye ibuyiselwe umva xa kuthelekiswa notyando lokuthomalalisa.
- I-Subcalllosal cingulate (SCC): into ekujoliswe kuyo rhoqo kuxinzelelo ngenxa yendima yayo kulawulo lweemvakalelo.
- I-ventral capsule yangaphakathi/i-ventral striatum (VC/VS, i-nucleus accumbens): kulungelelanisa inkuthazo kunye nomvuzo.
- I-Medial forebrain fasciculus: iindlela zokuqinisa kunye nothando.
- I-Subthalamic nucleus (STN): isetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kwentshukumo; kwingqondo ifundelwa iziphumo zayo kwimood kunye nokungxama.
Iziphumo ziquka ukumodareyitha inhibitory kunye nemincili, ngotshintsho lwasekhaya kunye nolukude kuthungelwano lwe-limbic. Ezinye iithagethi zibonisa ukukhululeka ngokukhawuleza kunxunguphalo okanye unxunguphalo xa uvuselelo lulungile; a udweliso olulungileyo noluqhubekayo ngundoqo.
Ngubani onokuba ngumgqatswa kwaye bavavanywa njani?
- Imbali yonyango ebanzi: ukungaphumeleli kwee-antidepressants ezininzi kunye ne-psychotherapy; qwalasela unyango lwe-electroconvulsive.
- I-Neuroimaging (MRI/CT): isicwangciso esikhuselekileyo se-stereotactic ekujoliswe kuko kunye netrajectory.
- Uvavanyo lwengqondo olusemgangathweni: izikali zokudakumba, ukusebenza kunye nenkxaso yosapho.
- Iimvavanyo zangaphakathi apho kufanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa iimpendulo ezikhawulezileyo.
- Uphononongo lomngcipheko: ukopha, usulelo, ukuxhuzula kunye neziganeko ezivela kuvuselelo.
Emva kokuphunyezwa, iqela lihlengahlengisa iiparameters kwiindibano ezilandelelanayo. Lunyango lwe Ixesha elide ngophononongo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha ngesimo seklinikhi kunye nesixhobo.
Imingcipheko, iziphumo ezibi kunye nokubeka iliso
Iingxaki ezinokuthi zibekho: hematoma, usulelo, ukufuduswa kwentambo okanye imiphumo yokuvuselela (ukukhathazeka, ukunganakwa, utshintsho lokulala), ngokuqhelekileyo ibuyiselwa umva ngokucwangcisa ngokutsha. Isalathiso sifuna i ikomiti yeenkqubo ezininzi kunye nemvume enolwazi.
Ezinye iindlela ze-neuromodulation ezingahlaseliyo
Ukongeza kwi-ECP, kukho ezinye iindlela ezifana transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) y transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), luncedo ekudakaleni okuchasayo kwaye isetyenziswe kwiiseshoni zezigulane ezingaphandle. Kwezinye iinkqubo zesibhedlele, i-TMS inika ingxelo Amazinga empendulo angaphezulu kwe-60% kwiiprofayili ezifanelekileyo, ngokunyamezela okulungileyo.
El I-neurofeedback ekhokelwa yi-EEG ifuna ukuqeqesha iipateni zengqondo. Inokuvelisa iziphumo zexeshana njengokudinwa engqondweni, intloko ebuhlungu, ukutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo, ukutshintsha kobuthongo okanye ngaphezulu/ukungakhathali; zilawulwa ukulungelelanisa iiprothokholi kunye neempawu zokubeka iliso. Ezinye iinketho ziquka uvuselelo lwe i-vagus nerve y unyango lwe-electroconvulsive kwiimpawu ezithile.
INeurosurgery ukunyanga ukudakumba a ukuncamela Okokugqibela kumatyala aphikisayo, anobungqina obuthembisayo kunye nokwandayo. Idityaniswe nendlela ebanzi kunye nokulandelwa kweengcali, i-neuromodulation ivula amathuba amatsha onyango ngaphandle kokugxotha iintsika zokhathalelo lwengqondo kunye nekhemesti.