Amphetamine - yintoni, iintlobo kunye neziphumo zayo

Phakathi kwamachiza akhoyo ehlabathini, sinokufumana ii-amphetamines, ezisisivuseleli esinamandla senkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokuba kwezonyango, ukuzonwabisa okanye ezemidlalo kwaye phakathi kwezona ziyaziwa kakhulu sinokuzifumana I-methylphenidate, i-dexmethylphenidate, i-MDMA, i-fenproporex, i-diethylpropion, i-phentermine, i-benzphetamine kunye ne-phendimetrazine.

Yintoni i-amphetamine?

It is a derivative of ephedrine, eyayisetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango ukunyanga iingxaki zempilo ezifana ukudakumba, ukutyeba kakhulu kunye ne-narcolepsy. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwasasazeka ngokuzonwabisa kunye nangokungekho mthethweni ngenxa yeelabhoratri ezifihlakeleyo eziyiveliseyo.

  • I-Ephedrine yaveliswa ngo-1887 nguLazar Edeleanu, i-chemist yaseRomania.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwaqala ngowe-1920, ixesha apho kwakuqhelekile ukuba amalungu omkhosi womoya asebenzise le nto ukuze alumke aze aphephe ukudinwa.
  • Ngowe-1927 ukuthengiswa kwayo kwaqala, kuba yayinokwandisa i-bronchi, ixinzelele imithwalo yegazi kunye nokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
  • Ngo-1938 i-methamphetamine yaqala ukuthengiswa (eyenziwe eJapan ngo-1919) kwaye kamva, ngo-1954, i-methylphenidate yaqala ukuthengiswa (eyenziwe ngo-1944).
  • Ngo-1971, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kunye nokuba likhoboka leziyobisi, yayilawulwa luluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.

La machiza asetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza, nokuba ngokomzimba okanye ngokwengqondo. Ngeso sizathu, kwimeko yomzimba, sikhankanye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwibala lezemidlalo, elithintelweyo kwaye lalingomnye wabokuqala kwimidlalo. idoping yezemidlalo; ngelixa kwinkalo yengqondo kukwalelwe.

Iintlobo ze-amphetamines

Iindidi ezininzi ezingekho mthethweni zinokufumaneka kumazwe amaninzi, phakathi kwazo esizifumana ziqhelekileyo, i-dextroamphetamine, i-methamphetamine eqinileyo kunye neyolwelo.

  • Okuqhelekileyo kunye nokukhoyo ngoku ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa isantya, i-goey kunye ne-elevators.
  • I-Dextroamphetamine iyafumaneka kwiikhemesti, kuba sisiyobisi esisetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abanengxaki yokungakwazi ukuhoya ngenxa yokuxakeka kakhulu.
  • Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-methamphetamine inokufumaneka ngendlela eqinileyo kunye neyolwelo; leyo kwimeko yokuqala idla ngokubizwa ngokuba zwi, ikristale, iglasi kunye nesiseko; ngelixa elesibini lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba njenge isantya esibomvu kunye negazi lengwe.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, kunokwenzeka ukuzifumana kwiinkcazo ezahlukeneyo. Inokuthi isetyenziswe ngee-capsules kunye neepilisi, intlama, umgubo, ulwelo okanye iglasi; ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuyitshaya, ukuyitofa, ukuyiphefumlela kwaye uyiginye.

Iyintoni imiphumo kwezonyango?

  • Yandisa ugxininiso, ingqalelo kunye nenkumbulo (yiyo loo nto abanye abantu beyisebenzisa emsebenzini, kwindawo yolawulo kunye nezifundo).
  • Igcina umntu ephaphile.
  • Umntu akadli ngokungxama.
  • Iyakwazi ukulawula ukutya (yingakho isetyenziswa kwizigulana ezityebileyo).
  • Umsebenzi weemoto uyanda kakhulu; Yingakho zixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo zomculo we-elektroniki okanye iziganeko ezifanayo.
  • Baphucula inkqubo okanye inkqubo ye-metabolism.

Njengoko uza kubona, uninzi lwazo Iziphumo iiamphetamines Zilungile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, yiyo loo nto iyeza liyisebenzisa kunyango lweengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi bafumana esi siyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni baze basisebenzise ngenjongo yokuzonwabisa; enokuthi iqalise iziphumo ezibi kunye nokukhobokisa okanye ukuxhomekeka kwinto.

I ziphumo iamphetamine yokuzonwabisa

Ngaphandle kweziphumo ezikhankanywe ngasentla, sinokufumana abanye abanamava kubasebenzisi abayisebenzisayo ngokuzonwabisa. Phakathi kwazo kukho:

  • Ukuziva uvuyo okanye uvuyo.
  • Ukuthintela
  • Ukuzithemba okukhulu.
  • Ukonyuka kobudlelwane kunye namandla.

Ezi ziphumo zinokuvakala ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokusetyenziswa, eyona nto ikhawulezayo xa itshaywa okanye ifakwe, ekubeni ifikelela kwingqondo ngokukhawuleza; ngelixa ukuphefumla kunokuthatha malunga nemizuzu emihlanu kwaye ukusezela ngomlomo kungathatha imizuzu engamashumi amabini.

Ziziphi iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangelwa yi-amphetamines?

Iingxaki zivela xa iziyobisi zisetyenziswe kakubi, ezinokuthi:

  • Ubunzima bokukhumbula, ukucinga okanye ukulala.
  • Ukungcangcazela ngaphandle kwesizathu.
  • Ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokunciphisa ukutya.
  • Izimo zengqondo ezindlongondlongo okanye zobundlobongela.
  • Iingxaki zolusu
  • Iingxaki ngokweemvakalelo.

Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na yezi ngxaki, kufuneka uye kugqirha kwaye uyeke ukuyisebenzisa; nokuba ukusetyenziswa kuqhutyelwa ngonyango okanye ngokuzonwabisa, nangona kuqhelekile ukuba kube njalo kwaye kusetyenziswe kakubi.

Enye ingxaki enzulu nge-amphetamines kukukhobokisa ezinokuthi zibangele., okungafanele kwenzeke ukuba ilawulwa kwisincomo sikagqirha kwidosi ebonisiweyo. Phakathi kweempawu zokulutha, uhlobo lokuxhomekeka kunye nesifo sokurhoxisa, sifumana:

  • Ikhoboka le-amphetamine lenzeka xa lisetyenziswa “njengeyobisi” ukuphucula ukusebenza okanye ukonwabela imiphumo eveliswa yinto; apho kungekuphela nje ukuba umzimba uvelise ukuxhomekeka kuwo, kodwa uphinde ube nokunyamezela kwaye umthamo ophezulu uya kufuneka ulawulwe ukufezekisa iziphumo ezifanayo.
  • Ukuxhomekeka kumzimba kunye nengqondo, ngoko umntu ochaphazelekayo uya kuziva ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyimfuneko ukukhokela ubomi obonwabileyo nobugcweleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuyeka xa ikhoboka liqaphela ukuba linengxaki ngeziyobisi.
  • I-Amphetamine withdrawal syndrome idla ngokubonisa iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezifana neemvakalelo ezingalawulekiyo, ukungajoliswanga, ukugula okuqhelekileyo, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, kunye neminqweno yokuginya okanye ukuyitya ngayo nayiphi na indlela.

Indlela yokuyeka i-amphetamine ngonyango?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokulutha, kunokuba lula okanye kube nzima ngakumbi. yeka ukusebenzisa i-amphetamine (njengakwizinto ezininzi). Nangona kunjalo, into ephambili kukuba umntu uyamkela ukuba unengxaki, njengoko sikhankanyile ngasentla.

  • Nje ukuba uyazi ukuba likhoboka, uya kufuna unyango lwezengqondo olukuvumela ukuba ukhokele isigulana kwaye uqonde ukuba kutheni silusebenzisa; kunye nokuba kutheni ungazidingi.
  • Kuyimfuneko ukuba loo mntu azi ukuba ungqongwe ngabantu abakulungeleyo ukumnceda, ngoko intsapho nabahlobo banokubandakanyeka kwezinye iiseshini.
  • Ukuba uneempawu ezinzima ngenxa ye-syndrome yokuhoxiswa, kukulungele ukulalisa isigulane ukuze baphathwe ngokufanelekileyo.

 


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