Ukukwazi ukuqonda kunye nokutolika inkangeleko yobuso babanye abantu sisakhono esibalulekileyo sonxibelelwano lwentlalo. Ngelishwa, obu buchule buphazamiseka kakhulu kubantu abane I-Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluninzi lubonise ukuba oxytocin, into ebizwa ngokuba "yi-hormone yothando," inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni iimpawu ezithile ze-autism, ngakumbi ezo zihambelana nezakhono zentlalo kunye neemvakalelo.
Kweli nqaku siza kuphonononga nzulu ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-oxytocin kunye nefuthe layo ekusebenzeni ngokweemvakalelo kubantu abanoluphazamiseko. Siza kuxoxa ngophando lwakutsha nje, ukusetyenziswa konyango lovavanyo, kunye neziphumo zexesha elizayo zalo mmandla unomdla wenzululwazi yemithambo-luvo.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-oxytocin kunye nokusetyenzwa kwentlalo
I-Oxytocin, i-neuropeptide eyenziwe kwi-hypothalamus, idlala indima ingundoqo kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yentlalo kunye nokuziphatha ngokweemvakalelo. Ngokwesiko eyaziwa ngokubandakanyeka ekubelekeni nasekuncanciseni, uphando lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba le hormone ikwabandakanyeka ekuzalweni nasekuncanciseni. umgaqo wokuthembela, uvelwano kunye nokusebenzisana kwezentlalo ebantwini nakwizilwanyana.
Kubantu abanoluphazamiseko, olubonakala ngokusilela kwizakhono zentlalo nonxibelelwano, i-oxytocin imele ithemba elinokwenzeka ngokwemigaqo yonyango. Uphononongo lwangaphambili lufumanise ukuba amanqanaba e-oxytocin aqhelekile kubantu abane-ASD, nto leyo inokunxulunyaniswa nobunzima ziqonde iimvakalelo kwaye uphendule kwi-stimuli yentlalo.
Izifundo zakutsha nje nge-oxytocin kwi-autism
Enye ye uphando eyona nto iphawulekayo yenziwa nguGqr Gregor Domes, weYunivesithi yaseFreiburg, apho kwaboniswa ukuba idosi enye ye-oxytocin elawulwa nge-intranasally inokutshintsha kakhulu iimpendulo zengqondo inkuthazo yentlalo kubantu abanoluphazamiseko. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kucebisa ukuba ihomoni inokuphucula ukusetyenzwa kovuselelo lwentlalo kunye neemvakalelo, ukujongana nenye yeentsilelo eziphambili ze-autism.
Uphononongo lubandakanya abantu abali-14 abanoluphazamiseko kunye nezifundo zolawulo ezili-14, abathe bagqiba imisebenzi enxulumene noluphazamiseko ukuqaphela ubuso kunye nokuqonda kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba babekwe iliso kwi-brain scan emva kokufumana i-spray yeempumlo kunye ne-oxytocin okanye i-placebo, kwiiseshoni ezahlukeneyo ezibanjwe iveki enye ngaphandle.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-oxytocin yandisa umsebenzi kwi-amygdala, ummandla wobuchopho odityaniswe ne inkqubo yeemvakalelo. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-oxytocin ayiphuculi ukusetyenzwa kwentlalo kuphela, kodwa ingaququzelela unxibelelwano lweemvakalelo nabanye, into enokuba luncedo kakhulu kubantu abanoluphazamiseko.
Imingeni kunye nezithintelo kunyango lokulinga
Ngaphandle kweziphumo ezithembisayo, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ayizizo zonke izifundo malunga nokulawulwa kwe-oxytocin kubantu abane-ASD ezibonise iziphumo ezicacileyo. Ngokomzekelo, uvavanyo lwekliniki lwamva nje lweveki ye-24 kubantwana kunye nolutsha oluneminyaka eyi-3 ukuya kwi-17 iminyaka lubonise ukuba ulawulo lwe-oxytocin ye-intranasal aluzange luvelise uphuculo olubalulekileyo ngaphezu placebo kwimilinganiselo yentsebenziswano yoluntu.
Oku kuyenza icace into yokuba i-oxytocin ayinakuba lunyango oluqhelekileyo kuzo zonke izigulana zo-ASD. Iimpendulo zomntu ngamnye kwihomoni zinokuhluka kakhulu, zigxininisa imfuneko iindlela zesiko ngokusekelwe kwiiprofayili ezithile zofuzo okanye ze-neurobiological.
Iprojekthi ye-Oxito-Cure kunye neziphumo zayo
Kutshanje, i Iprojekthi ye-Oxito-Cure, ekhokelwa yi-Institute of Neurosciences ngokubambisana neYunivesithi yaseMiguel Hernández, igxininise iinzame zayo ekufundeni amandla onyango lwezicwangciso ezijoliswe ekunyuseni amanqanaba e-oxytocin kwingqondo. I-hypothesis yeyokuba inkqubo ye-oxytocin, engekavuthwa ekuzalweni, idlula ixesha elibalulekileyo lophuhliso kwiiveki zokuqala zobomi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukutshintsha.
Ukusebenzisa ubugcisa obuphezulu obufana nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-3D yee-neural circuits, abaphandi baye bachonga imimandla ethile yengqondo apho utshintsho kwinkqubo ye-oxytocin inokudityaniswa nokusilela kwezentlalo okubonwa kwi-ASD. Obu buchule buvumele uphuhliso izicwangciso ezichane ngakumbi zemolekyuli, ejolise ekubuyekezeni intsilelo ye-oxytocin kwezi ndawo zikhethekileyo.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-neuroscience kunye nonyango olungaphangiyo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-intranasal oxytocin kuhlala yenye yezona ndawo zinomdla kuphando lweASD. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kule ndlela, kukho ezinye iindlela ezithembisayo eziphononongwayo ukuze kuphuculwe izakhono zentlalo kwezi zigulana. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Ukuvuselela ingqondo yeTranscranial: Ubuchule obungangeneleliyo obusebenzisa umhlaba wemagnethi ukuphembelela umsebenzi kwimimandla ethile yobuchopho.
- Unyango lwenyani: Iimeko ezingqongileyo ezilinganisiweyo eziyilelwe ukufundisa nokuziqhelanisa izakhono zentlalo.
- Ungenelelo oludibeneyo: Indlela edibanisa ukulawulwa kwe-oxytocin kunye neendlela zonyango zokuziphatha ukuze kuphuculwe imfundo yoluntu.
Ifuthe le-oxytocin ekuqhubeni ngokweemvakalelo kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu abanoluphazamiseko lubonisa indlela enika umdla nethembisayo yophononongo lwezenzululwazi nonyango. Nangona iziphumo zingaxutywa kwaye kuninzi kusamele kuqondwe, uphando lwangoku luvule umnyango wezicwangciso ezintsha ezinokuguqula ubomi bezigidi zabantu abane-autism.
Kuhlala kubalulekile ukutyala imali kulingo olukhulu, ukuphanda ngakumbi iindlela zesenzo se-oxytocin, kunye noyilo longenelelo lobuqu olwandisa iinzuzo zalo ngelixa unciphisa imida enokwenzeka. Inkqubela nganye kulo mmandla inika umdla ayizisi ithemba kuphela kwiintsapho ezichatshazelwa luluphazamiseko, kodwa ikwakhulisa ukuqonda kwethu ingqondo yomntu kunye nokusebenza kwayo okuntsonkothileyo kwezentlalo neemvakalelo.