I-Lithium yinto yekhemikhali eye yafumana ukubaluleka kunye nokuthandwa kumaxesha akutshanje. Imfuno ye-lithium kwihlabathi jikelele iyanda kwaye iya isanda njengoko iminyaka ihamba. Ngokukodwa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo okuqhelekileyo xa kusenziwa iibhetri kunye nezithuthi zombane. Ingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye ngeenjongo ezingenakubalwa, yiyo loo nto ithandwa kakhulu kuluntu lwanamhlanje.
Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga amayeza, i-lithium isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo. njengokuba kunjalo nge-bipolar disorder. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye iipathologies ezinento yokwenza nemeko yengqondo neyeemvakalelo. Kwinqaku elilandelayo sithetha malunga nokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo kwe-lithium kunye nemiphumo yayo enokwenzeka.
Yintoni na lithium
I-Lithium yikhompawundi efunyenweyo kwiindawo ezinentaba-mlilo nakwiindawo ezinetyuwa. Inombala osiliva nangona xa uqala ukuyijonga isenokubonakala imhlophe. Yintsimbi ethambileyo xa ibamba kwaye idla ngokuba yi-oxidize xa idibana ngokuthe ngqo namanzi kunye nomoya. Kwelinye icala, ineempawu ezinealkaline kunye nediamagnetic.
Yinto yemichiza leyo Iyasebenza kwaye iyadubula kwaye iyatsha, Ke ngoko, ulawulo lwayo kufuneka lwenziwe ngabachwephesha kulo mbandela. Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwayo, idla ngokusetyenziswa kwishishini lokwakha, ukwenza iibhetri okanye xa kunyangwa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingokweemvakalelo nezengqondo.
Ziziphi ukusetyenziswa kwe-lithium
I-lithium idla ngokusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwinkalo yempilo yengqondo. Inika uluhlu lweempembelelo ezinceda ukugcina ibhalansi ethile kwimeko yabantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka okuthile. Kuqinisekisiwe ukuba iyasebenza kakhulu xa kufikwa kunyango lwesifo esixhaphake njengebipolar. Lithium ikuvumela ukuba unciphise iimpawu zakho ukuba umntu onesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder.
Ngaphandle koku, yikhompawundi yeekhemikhali esetyenziswa njengomlinganiselo wothintelo kwiziqendu ezinokwenzeka zohlobo lwe-manic. Iipropati ze-lithium zivumela ukuba iphathe ngokuthe ngqo ingxaki yengqondo njengento enzulu njengokudakumba. Ikwasetyenziswa rhoqo kwezinye iipathologies ezifana ne-schizophrenia.
Okunye ukusetyenziswa kwe-lithium
Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa ekunyangeni iziphazamiso ezithile zengqondo njengokudakumba okanye i-bipolarity, I-lithium isoloko isetyenziswa xa kusenziwa iimveliso zokuthambisa eziya kuba sesichengeni sobushushu obuphezulu. Njengoko ineempawu zokumisa, i-lithium isetyenziselwa ukufunxa umswakama onokuthi ube kwiindawo ezithile.
I-lithium isoloko isetyenziselwa ukukhupha ikhompawundi efana nekhabhon diokside, yiyo loo nto iqhele ukusetyenziswa xa ucoca iindawo kunye neendawo ezifana neenkwili. Ikwayikhompawundi esetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini le-aeronautical.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-lithium iye yathandwa kakhulu ukuba isetyenziswe ukwenza iibhetri zombane. Enkosi kwi-lithium, ezi bhetri zinobomi obude kakhulu kunangaphambili kwaye zisebenza ngcono kakhulu kuneebhetri kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ziziphi iziphumo ze-lithium
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-lithium kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokwemigaqo eboniswe yingcali kulo mbandela. Kwimeko yokubandezeleka naluphi na uhlobo lwesiphumo esibi Kubalulekile ukubonisana neengcali kulo mbandela. Ukungenisa i-lithium ngokuqhelekileyo kuvelisa uluhlu lwemiphumo emibi efana noku: ukuvakalelwa konxano, ukungcangcazela kwezandla, umlomo owomileyo, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukuvuvukala kwemilebe okanye i-rash kunye nokuvuvukala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
I-lithium inokubangela intlungu edibeneyo kunye neemeko ezidakumbisayo. Zikwaqhelekile iintlungu zesisu, utshintsho kubunzima okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumdla. Kubalulekile ukuya kwingcali xa umntu ebandezeleka ngenxa yeentshukumo angakwaziyo ukuzilawula, xa enxanwe kakhulu okanye xa eziva ebuthathaka kwaye engenamandla yonke imini.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuya kugqirha ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka, xa isiyezi, tachycardia esifubeni okanye izandla neenyawo ziba ndindisholo. Kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo xa kukho intloko ebuhlungu okanye iimbono ezingekhoyo.
Indlela i-lithium ekhutshwa ngayo
Lithium Kunzima kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuyifumana injalo kwindalo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ifumaneka ngendlela yetyuwa. I-lithium ithathwa kwiintlobo ezintathu zeediphozithi: i-brines, i-pegmatites kunye namatye e-sedimentary. Iidiphozithi ze-brine ziquka ngaphezulu kwe-65% yezibonelelo ze-lithium kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezi ntlanzi zifumaneka ikakhulu kwiindawo ezinetyuwa zaseChile, eArgentina nase China.
Ukubunjwa kweebrines ezahlukeneyo kuya kwahluka kakhulu malunga nomxholo we-lithium. Ezinye iiminerali ezifana neklorine, i-calcium okanye i-iron nazo zikhona, ngoko ke i-brine nganye iya kufuneka inyangwe. eyedwa nangasese.
Izilumkiso xa usebenzisa i-lithium
I-Lithium luhlobo lwesinyithi lwe-alkaline ngoko kwimeko yayo ecocekileyo Yinto enokutsha kwaye iqhuma. Ngaphandle koku, yikhompawundi edla kakhulu kwaye indlela yokuyiphatha kufuneka ichaneke kwaye yanele. Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-lithium ngaphakathi kwekhaya ngaphandle kokuba umntu unolwazi oluhle lwesayensi kunye neekhemikhali.
Ngamafutshane, lithium Yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zekhemikhali kuluntu. Njengoko ubonile, sisinyithi sealkaline esisebenza ngokufanelekileyo esidla ngokusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza iibhetri zombane nakwicandelo lempilo yengqondo xa kunyangwa iziphazamiso ezifana ne-bipolar.