Oko kwaziwa ngokuba yiGestalt Therapy yinkqubo yengqondo egxile ekuphuhliseni umntu kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamandla okuphila ngoku. Olu nyango luthatha umntu njengequmrhu elenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu: umzimba, ingqondo kunye nomphefumlo. Intlalontle kunye nolonwabo luya kufumaneka ngokulinganisela kweengxenye ezintathu zomntu.
Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kuthetha nawe ngendlela eneenkcukacha yonyango lweGestalt.
Imvelaphi yonyango lweGestalt
I-Gestalt therapy ineengcambu zayo kwi-psychology yobuntu, eyaphuhliswa ngo-1950 nguFritz Perls, uLaura Perls, kunye noPaul Goodman. Olu nyango lusekelwe kwingcamango yokuba ingqondo nomzimba zidibene, kwaye zijolise ekubalulekeni kwamava apheleleyo. Ngokwamkela ukungafani komntu ngamnye, unyango lweGestalt lukhuthaza uxanduva lokuziphendulela kunye ukuqonda kwicala lomntu.
Imigaqo esisiseko yonyango lweGestalt
Ukubaluleka kwangoku
Unyango lwe-Gestalt lufuna ngamaxesha onke ukuba umntu agxininise ngokupheleleyo ngoku, endaweni yokuphambuka kwixesha elidlulileyo okanye kwixesha elizayo. Kumalunga nokuqonda ngokupheleleyo into odibana nayo. apha kwaye ngoku. Ngokwenza oku, unokufumana iipatheni zokuziphatha, iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo ezinokuchaphazela impilo-ntle.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesigulane kunye nonyango
Kunyango lweGestalt, Ubudlelwane phakathi komgqirha kunye nomntu bubalulekile. Yindawo ekhuselekileyo apho isigulane sinokuphonononga iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo zabo ngaphandle kokugweba. Umnyangi usebenza njengesikhokelo sokwenyani, uququzelela ukuzihlola kwaye uncede ukwazi iipateni ezinokuthi zithintele ukukhula komntu wesigulana.
iindlela zonyango Gestalt
Unyango lweGestalt lusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zobuchule kunye novavanyo loyilo ukunceda umntu ukuba aveze kwaye aqonde iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukususela ekusebenziseni izitulo ezingenanto ukuya ukulinganisa iimeko ezithile, Zonke ezi zixhobo ziya kukuvumela ukuba uhlolisise iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zomntu kunye nobudlelwane babo nabanye.
Vala imijikelo
Kunyango lweGestalt, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvala imijikelo kunye nokusombulula iingxabano ezilindileyo. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukujongana nokugqiba amava athile adluleyo, ukukhulula amandla anokubanjiswa kwiinkumbulo ezingakhange zisonjululwe. Ngokwenza konke oku, umntu uyakwazi ukuzikhulula ngokupheleleyo. ukuhlala ngokupheleleyo ngoku kunye nokwakha ikamva eliqaphele ngakumbi.
umthwalo
Olunye uphawu lonyango lweGestalt kukuba lukhuthaza uxanduva lomntu, lumkhuthaza ukuba athwale uxanduva. zombini unyulo kunye nezenzo. Ngokwenza oku, umntu uyakwazi ukuphila ngendlela eyiyo ngakumbi ngenxa yolungelelwaniso olukhoyo phakathi kwemilinganiselo enzulu kunye neminqweno.
Ukudityaniswa kwayo yonke imiba
Unyango lwe-Gestalt luya kwamkela zombini izithunzi kunye nezibane zomntu ochaphazelekayo kwiindawo ezilinganayo. Imalunga nokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo zonke iindawo zomntu, kwanabo basenokungaziwa. Ngokwamkela nokuqonda zonke ezi nkalo, umntu uya kuqalisa ngokupheleleyo uhambo lokuzifumanisa olukhuthaza ingqibelelo nokunyaniseka.
Ukuzisa unyango lweGestalt kubomi bemihla ngemihla
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube kwiseshoni yonyango ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa imigaqo yonyango lweGestalt. kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuziqwalasela, ukuzijonga kunye nokuqonda kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kwengxaki nangaliphi na ixesha. Zonke ezi nyathelo ziya kuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwintlalontle kunye nolonwabo lomntu kuthethwa ngaye.
Iinjongo zonyango lweGestalt
Unyango lwe-Gestalt alunanjongo nanini na ukunqanda abantu ukuba babe neengxaki kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Eyona nto iyifunayo kukuba umntu afunde ukusombulula ezi ngxaki kwaye ukukwazi ukukhula kwinqanaba lomntu. Yiyo loo nto eyona njongo yolu hlobo lonyango ingeyiyo enye ngaphandle kokukhula nokukhula.
Kule nto, kubalulekile ukuba umntu afunde ukuba ngoku. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukuhlawula ixabiso: ukuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka kokujongana naloo mzuzu. Kufuneka uyazi indlela yokwamkela zombini iimeko ezimnandi nezingathandekiyo. Ulwamkelo olukhankanywe ngasentla Inokwenzeka kuphela ukuba umntu uyazi ngobunyani bangoku.
Unyango lweGestalt ngoko Ayigxininisi kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kuyenzeka ukuqonda indlela ekuthethwe ngayo ngaphambili kunokumchaphazela umntu kunye nokukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokuzazi.
Unyango lweGestalt lumnceda njani umntu
Olu hlobo lonyango lunceda kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo:
- Ixhala kunye neemeko zokudakumba.
- Ukuxhomekeka ngokweemvakalelo ngakwisibini.
- amanyathelo e utshintsho olubalulekileyo.
- Uloyiko uloyiko.
- Ukuzijongela phantsi okanye ukungazithembi.
- I-Adicciones.
- I ngxaki kulwalamano.
- ukufa komnye umntu othandwayo.
Unyango lwe-Gestalt luya kunika indawo ekhuselekileyo apho umntu anokuzichaza kwaye azazi. Ndiyabulela oku unako ukufezekisa intlalontle ethile kunye nolonwabo. Kwiiseshini zonyango isigulana siya kukwazi ukuzichaza ngelixa sikwazazi. Konke oku kuya kuphunyezwa ngokudibanisa iindlela zokuqonda, zovakalelo kunye nezomzimba.
Ngamafutshane, unyango lweGestalt luye lwagxekwa kakhulu ngenxa yokungabi nasixhobo esithile sovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zonyango, inqaku eliqinileyo lonyango lweGestalt lugqaliselo lwangoku nokuqonda, kunokuba kugxininise kwinto ebinokubakho. Ke ngoko, unyango lweGestalt lujolise ekubeni umntu akwazi ukuphila ngokwenyani njengoko kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuyigweba nangaliphi na ixesha. Ukufezekisa oku, kubalulekile ukusebenza kwimiba yemihla ngemihla efana nokuzazi, ukwamkela nokuba lapha nangoku.