Le nkqubo yokusingqongileyo ichaphazeleka lungcoliseko lomoya; yiyo intshukumo yehydrogen ejikeleze uMhlabaLe nto yekhemikhali yeyona ininzi kwindalo yonke naseMhlabeni, iqulathe i-84% yayo, kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwakheka kwayo amanzi, ii-biomolecules kunye nomoya.
Kwiplanethi yethu, singayifumana emanzini nasemoyeni esiwuphefumlayo, kodwa nakwihlabathi izinto eziphilayo, umhlaba, amatye kunye namafuthaNgenxa yesi sibakala, kufuneka sigxininise ukugcinwa kwezinto zendalo eziguqula le nto kwaye zigcine ibhalansi yayo. Uphando malunga umjikelo wehydrogen Ingaluncedo kakhulu ekuqaliseni ukwazisa uluntu lwehlabathi malunga nokubaluleka kwale nto kunye nolwalamano lwayo neminye imijikelo ye-biogeochemical.
Yintoni umjikelo we-hydrogen?
El umjikelo wehydrogen Ngumjikelo we-biogeochemical apho i-hydrogen ihamba kwaye iguquka khona kwiindawo eziphambili zeplanethi: i-hydrosphere, umoya, i-biosphere kunye ne-geosphereOku kufuduka kwenzeka ikakhulu ngamanzi, nangona kukwadlala indima kwiinkqubo ezifana... I-Photosynthesis, ukuphefumla, kunye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kunye neempendulo zeekhemikhali emhlabeni nakwiilwandle.
I-hydrosphere ifumana i-hydrogen ngokuyintloko kwi- amanzi (H2O), ikhompawundi eyenziwe kukudityaniswa kweoksijini nehydrogen. Ngexesha leenkqubo ezifana ifotosinthesis, ukuhlukana kwamanzi kuyenzeka kwaye inxalenye yaloo hydrogen igqibela ngokwenziwa iglucose kunye nezinye iicarbohydrate xa idibana nekhabhoni dayokhsayidi (CO2). Ngoko ke, ihayidrojini idlula emanzini iye kwizityalo ize isuke kuzo iye kwizilwanyana nakubantu ngekhonkco lokutya.
Izityalo zibonelela ngokutya kwezilwanyana ezitya utyani, kwaye ezi zilwanyana zifumana iglucose, iiproteni kunye nezinye izondlo yezityalo. I-hydrogen yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye- iicarbohydrateI-hydrogen, engumthombo obalulekileyo wamandla kwizinto eziphilayo, ifikelela emizimbeni yethu ngokutya. Xa izinto eziphilayo ziphefumla, zikhula, zizala, okanye zifa, i-hydrogen ibandakanyeka kuzo zonke ezi nguqu.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni. Zonke zenziwe ikhabhoni, initrogen, ioksijini kunye nehydrogenIzilwanyana zifumana ezi zinto kwindalo, kwaye iinkqubo zokwakheka, ukukhula, kunye nokubola zenzeka rhoqo, zikhupha kwaye ziphinde zifake ihydrogen kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi zeplanethi.
Imijikelo eliqela iyenzeka ngenxa yenkqubo nganye kwezi (umjikelo wekhabhoni, umjikelo wenitrogen, umjikelo wesalfure, umjikelo wamanzi, phakathi kwezinye), kwaye ngenxa yazo, wonke umntu zidibene, ziseka ulungelelwaniso olutshintshatshintshayoI-hydrogen yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwezi jikelezo ezininzi, ngoko ke ukutshintsha ukufumaneka kwayo okanye ukusasazwa kwayo kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimozulu, ukuchuma komhlaba, kunye nobomi bendalo yonke.
Izigaba zomjikelo we-hydrogen
Iiathom zeHydrogen zingabonakaliswa njenge ulwelo okanye igesiIndalo igcina ihydrogen kwimo engamanzi xa iyinxalenye yamanzi okanye ezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo, kuba kwimeko yayo yegesi ithatha indawo enkulu kakhulu. Kwinqanaba le-physicochemical, ihydrogen inokugcinwa njenge... igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye i-hydrogen engamanzi ngeenjongo zoshishino nezamandla, kuba ithatha umthamo omncinci kunakwimo yayo yegesi eqhelekileyo.
Xa iathom yehydrogen ibophana neathom enamandla e-electronegative (efana neoksijini, initrogen, okanye i-fluorine) ekufutshane neathom enye e-electronegative ene-electron ezimbini ezizimeleyo, kwakheka iathom yehydrogen. ibhondi yehayidrojiniEzi zibopho zinoxanduva lweempawu ezininzi zamanzi kunye nolwakhiwo lwawo. iiproteni, i-DNA kunye nezinye ii-biomoleculesUkongeza, iiathom ezimbini zehydrogen zinokwenza imolekyuli yegesi yehydrogen (H2), esetyenziswa kakhulu kumanqanaba emizi-mveliso namandla.
El Umjikelo wamanzi kunye nomjikelo wehydrogen zihamba kunye ukuze kuchume iintyatyambo kwaye kondliwe izityalo ngokusebenzisa ifotosinthesisI-hydrogen yinxalenye yemolekyuli yamanzi, ngoko ke ngalo lonke ixesha amanzi etshintsha imeko okanye ehamba kwindalo, ukusasazwa kwakhona kwe-hydrogen kuyenzeka. Ke ngoko, i-hydrogen ibalulekile kwiinkqubo ezifana... umjikelo wamanzi, umjikelo wekhabhoni, umjikelo wenitrogen, kunye nomjikelo wesalfure.
Kwelinye icala, ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo Amanzi aveliswa emhlabeni aqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu e-hydrogen. Njengoko izityalo nezilwanyana zisifa, amathambo azo afakwa emhlabeni njengezinto eziphilayo; ngexesha lokubola, iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zikhupha iimolekyuli ezine-hydrogen zibuyele emoyeni, emhlabeni, okanye emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba ngeenkqubo i-oxidation kunye ne-mineralization.
I-hydrosphere iquka umoya, umphezulu woMhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba, kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlabaNjengoko amanzi ehamba kumjikelo, atshintsha imeko phakathi kwezigaba zolwelo, eziqinileyo, nezegesi, ethwala ihydrogen equlethwe yiwo. Olu hambo lwenzeka phakathi kwamachibi ahlukeneyo, kuquka iilwandle, imilambo, amachibi, iiqhwa, ii-aquifers, amafu kunye nomhlabangokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezibonakalayo ezifana ukufuma, ukuphefumla, ukuntywiliselwa kwamanzi, ukuna kwemvula, ukungena kwamanzi, ukugeleza kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.
Ngumphunga
El Umjikelo wamanzi kunye nomjikelo wehydrogen Zinxulumene kakhulu, kuba umjikelo wamanzi yindawo apho i-hydrogen izalisekisa inxalenye enkulu yemisebenzi yayo yendalo. ukufuma kwamanzi kumphezulu Iilwandle, imilambo, amachibi, amachibi, kunye nomhlaba omanzi zisiqalo sazo zonke. Xa amanzi ephuma umphunga ngenxa yamandla elanga, atshintsha ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwimeko yegesi (umphunga wamanzi) aze anyuke aye emoyeni, ethwele iiathom zehydrogen ngaphakathi kwiimolekyuli zawo.
Kule nqanaba, kubalulekile ukuba umphumo wenguquLe nkqubo idibanisa ukufuma ngqo emhlabeni kunye nokuphefumla okuvela kwizityalo. Inxalenye enkulu yamanzi angena emoyeni ivela kwiindawo eziphilayo zomhlaba, nto leyo eyenza amahlathi kunye neendawo ezinezityalo ezininzi zibe ngabadlali abaphambili kumjikelo we-hydrogen.
Ukuxinana
Umoya ufumbathisa amanzi aphuma emoyeni ngomjikelo wamanzi, uwatshintsha ukusuka kwimeko yegesi ukuya kwimeko yolwelo. Njengoko unyuka, umphunga wamanzi uyaphola aze aguquke abe... amathontsi amancinci olwelo okanye iikristale zomkhenkcezenza amafu kunye nenkungu. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, iiathom zehydrogen ezikhoyo kwiimolekyuli zamanzi ziyahlangana zibe zizakhiwo ezintsha kwaye ziphinde zifumaneke ukuze ziwele phezu komhlaba.
Ulwandle, iiqhwa, amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, imvula, ukuntywiliselwa kwamanzi, ukuvuza kwamanzi, kunye nokugeleza kwamanzi angaphezulu komhlaba konke kuthatha inxaxheba kwizigaba ngaphambi nasemva kokufuma, kuthwalwa amanzi aza kuphinda afumaneke. ixovulwe ngumoyaNgoko ke, ukufuma linyathelo elilungiselela amanzi ukuba abuyele eMhlabeni ngendlela yemvula, ikhephu, okanye isichotho, okuvumela ukusasazwa kwakhona kwehydrogen phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo.
Ukubila
Umzekelo ocacileyo wale nkqubo uyenzeka xa izityalo zifunxa amanzi Ngeengcambu zazo, izityalo zimpompa amanzi ziye emizimbeni yazo yonke, zibonelela ngezondlo ezifunekayo kunye ne-hydrogen. Emva koko, amanzi akhutshwa kwizityalo ngemingxunya yazo (stomata) njengomphunga, odlula uye emoyeni. Ngale ndlela, i-hydrogen equlethwe emanzini ijikeleza ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya emoyeni, idlula kwiithishu zezityalo.
Ukubila kubangela malunga I-10% yamanzi aphuma umphunga emhlabeniKukukhululwa komphunga wamanzi kumagqabi ezityalo uye emoyeni, inkqubo engabonakaliyo emehlweni, nangona ubungakanani bomswakama obubandakanyekayo bubaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, kuqikelelwa ukuba umthi omnye omkhulu wom-oki unokuzala ngaphezu amakhulu amawaka eelitha zamanzi ngonyakangaloo ndlela inegalelo elikhulu kumjikelo wamanzi kunye ne-hydrogen wasekuhlaleni.
Ubungakanani bamanzi aphuma kule nkqubo buxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana iintlobo zezityalo, ukufuma komhlaba, ubushushu obungqongileyo, kunye nomoya ejikeleze izityalo. Iindawo ezinezityalo ezininzi zinomswakama ophezulu ngenxa yesi sizathu, nto leyo echaphazela imozulu yengingqi kunye nokulinganisela kwe-hydrogen ekhoyo.
Ubungakanani
La imvula Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphola kwamathontsi amanzi emoyeni, athi emva koko awe ngenxa yobunzima nobukhulu bawo. Angabonakala njengemvula, ikhephu, isichotho, okanye imvula ebuyisela amanzi kumphezulu woMhlaba kunye nawo... iiathom zehydrogenAkuba amanzi efikelele emhlabeni, avuleka indlela ukungena nokuphuma kwamanzi, iinkqubo apho amanzi afakwa khona emhlabeni ongaphantsi okanye ahamba phezu komhlaba aye kwimilambo naselwandle.
Le nkqubo iphindaphindwa rhoqo njengenxalenye yemijikelo yoMhlaba egcina imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo avuselelekayoubomi buxhomekeke. Isiganeko ngasinye semvula sisasaza i-hydrogen kwindalo esingqongileyo, sizalise amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, sondle imizimba yamanzi angaphezulu komhlaba, kwaye sibonelela ngolwelo oluyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezityalo nasekusetyenzisweni ngabantu.
Ukuqiniswa
Ukuqina kwenzeka xa amanzi ephuma umphunga okanye amathontsi amanzi akwimo engqongileyo eqina ngenxa yotshintsho kubushushu aze avelise isichotho okanye ikhephuKule nqanaba, amanzi ayatshintsha ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwimeko eqinileyo, kodwa asenalo umlinganiselo ofanayo weeathom zehydrogen. Kamva, oku kulandelayo kwenzeka: fusionapho umkhenkce nekhephu zinyibilika zize zibuyele kwimeko yolwelo, nto leyo evumela amanzi ukuba aqhubeke nohambo lwawo oluya emilanjeni, emachibini nakwiilwandle.
Kwiindawo ezibandayo okanye eziphakamileyo zeentaba, inani elikhulu le-hydrogen lihlala ligcinwe kangangeminyaka okanye iinkulungwane ngendlela umkhenkce kwimikhenkce kunye nemikhenkce ekwi-polar ice capsEzi ndawo zinkulu zokugcina amanzi zisebenza njengeendawo zokugcina amanzi acocekileyo kunye ne-hydrogen, zikhupha kancinci kancinci ngexesha lokunyibilika kwexesha lonyaka kwaye ngaloo ndlela zinegalelo ekulinganisweni komjikelo wehlabathi.
Ukungena
La ukungena Kulapho amanzi abuyela khona emhlabeni aze angene kuwo ukuze afumaneke kwakhona kwizityalo neengcambu zazo. Njengoko amanzi ehla, ondla umhlaba onzulu aze afikelele amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye neendawo ezigciniweyo ezingaphantsi komhlabaKule mijelo yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ihydrogen ihlala idityaniswe kwimolekyuli yamanzi, efumanekayo ukuze ikhutshwe ngemigodi okanye isetyenziswe zizityalo ngeengcambu ezinzulu.
Le nkqubo ikwabalulekile kwi ukucocwa kwamanzi kwendaloKuba, njengoko amanzi edlula kwiileya ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, ukungcola okuninzi kuyagcinwa. Ngale ndlela, amanzi aqulethe i-hydrogen afikelela kwindawo yokucoca amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, apho aba yindawo ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa ngabantu, kwezolimo nakwimizi-mveliso.
Ukubaleka
La ukubaleka Ligama elisetyenziswa ukubhekisa kwisenzo sokusasazeka kwamanzi emhlabeni. Kukuhamba kwamanzi okujikeleza phezu komhlaba xa umhlaba ugcwele okanye imvula ininzi kakhulu. Olu hambo luthwala intsalela, izondlo, kwaye, ewe, iimolekyuli zamanzi ezinehydrogen, ezithutha ziye ezantsi. imilambo, amachibi, iindawo ezimanzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni, iilwandle.
Ukugeleza kwamanzi kunceda ukudibanisa amanzi angaphakathi nolwandle kwaye yinxalenye yesekethe apho i-hydrogen ibuyela khona kwiindawo ezinkulu zamanzi. Ngaphezu koko, inefuthe kwi- ukukhukuliseka komhlaba, ukuchuma kweendawo ezinamanzi kunye nokuguquguquka kwezondlo kwiindawo eziphilayo zasemanzini nasemhlabeni.
Ukujikeleza komhlaba
La ukujikeleza komhlaba Oku kwenzeka xa amanzi engene emhlabeni aze afikelele kwimilambo, amachibi, kunye nolwandle kwakhona. Amanzi angene ngaphakathi angahamba kancinci ngaphantsi komhlaba aze aphinde avele kwakhona. imithombo, imithombo yendalo okanye ukuvela kwakhona komlamboLe nkqubo yonke igcina i-hydrogen ishukuma, etshintshiselwa phakathi kweengqimba ezinzulu, umhlaba, izityalo, kunye nemizimba yamanzi angaphezulu.
Le nkqubo engaphantsi komhlaba ayibonakali kangako njengokugeleza kwamanzi phezu komhlaba, kodwa ibalulekile ukulawulwa kwamanzi kwexesha elideNgenxa yokujikeleza komhlaba, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezingqongileyo kuqinisekisiwe nokuba kumaxesha emvula, nto leyo ethetha ukuba i-hydrogen ihlala ikhona ukuze ixhase ubomi kunye nemisebenzi yabantu.
Ukubaluleka kwe-hydrogen eMhlabeni
I-hydrogen ibalulekile kwi- ukusinda koluntu kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, izityalo zibonelela ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ngazo zonke izondlo ezifunekayo ukuze zikhule. Isilwanyana esitya utyani sifumana i-hydrogen kwisityalo ngendlela iicarbohydratento leyo eba ngumthombo wamandla oyintloko wezinto eziphilayo. Kamva, xa isilwanyana esitya inyama sisitya isilwanyana esitya utyani, loo hydrogen iyaqhubeka idluliselwa kwikhonkco lokutya.
Kwakhona i iinkqubo zobomi Ngokubanzi, zinxulumene ne-hydrogen, ekubeni uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo zenziwe ngee-athomu ze-hydrogen. i-nitrogen, i-hydrogen, kunye ne-oxygenUkongeza kwikhabhoni, ihydrogen yinxalenye yeemolekyuli ezibaluleke njenge... amanzi, ii-nucleic acids, iiproteni, ii-lipids, kunye neeswekileNgenxa yoko, ithatha inxaxheba kulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wazo zonke iiseli.
Kwinqanaba lezinto ezibonakalayo nezobuchwepheshe, i-hydrogen ineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. usetyenziso olusebenzayoNjengoko iyinto elula kakhulu, ingasebenza njenge iarhente yokuphakamisa iibhaluni kunye neenqanawa zomoyaNangona kunjalo, ukutsha kwayo okuphezulu kufuna unonophelo olukhulu. Le mpawu inye, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukukhupha amandla amaninzi xa isabela kwi-oxygen, yenza ukuba ibe amafutha anomdla kakhulu kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
I-hydrogen isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi- dala amanzi xa zidityaniswe neoksijini, kunye negesi yehydrogen zingasetyenziswa ukunciphisa iiminerali zesinyithi kwiinkqubo zoshishino. Amashishini eekhemikhali nawo ayayisebenzisela imveliso ye-hydrochloric acid kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhompawundi ezininzi, kuquka i-ammonia (NH3), isiseko sezichumisi ezininzi kunye neemveliso zokucoca izindlu.
Ngaphezu koko, i-hydrogen iyimfuneko ukuze ukuwelda kwe-athomu ye-hydrogen (AHW) kwaye isetyenziswa njenge ipetroli yerokhethiapho idla ngokudityaniswa ngendlela yehydrogen engamanzi kunye neoksijini engamanzi ukuze yenze umxube onamandla kakhulu. Ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo amafutha acocekileyokuba, xa itshisiwe, imveliso ephambili ngamanzi, ngaphandle kokuvelisa ikhabhoni diokside okanye ezinye iigesi zegreenhouse kwindawo yokusetyenziswa.
Iijenereyitha zombane zisebenzisa igesi yehydrogen njenge kwifrijinto leyo eye yabangela ukuba izityalo ezininzi ziyisebenzise njengesixhobo ukujonga ukuvuzaIkwanazo nezicelo kwi ukulungiswa kokutyaUmzekelo, kwi-hydrogenation yamafutha, apho ii-athomu ze-hydrogen zongezwa ukuze ziguqule ii-oyile ezingagcwaliyo kwaye ziguqulwe zibe ngamafutha anezinye iimpawu zomzimba.
I-hydrogen evuselelekayo kunye namanqanaba emveliso yayo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kugxininiswe kakhulu kuphuhliso lwe i-hydrogen evuselelekayo okanye i-hydrogen eluhlaza, uhlobo lwehydrogen oluveliswa ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngqo (CO2). Endaweni yokusebenzisa amafutha efosili, le hydrogen iveliswa amandla ahlaziyekayo njengombane womoya, welanga okanye wamanzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokususa igesi erhabaxa kuqoqosho.
Iiyunithi zemveliso ye-hydrogen ehlaziyekayo zisebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo amanqanaba asisiseko ezivumela ukufumana igesi ecocekileyo efanelekileyo yokugcina, ukuthuthwa nokusetyenziswa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo emizi-mveliso kunye nezothutho.
- I-electrolysis yamanziI-hydrogen iveliswa kwi amanzi avela emilanjeni, elwandle, emvuleni okanye kwanasekuphumeni kwamanzi amdakaNje ukuba inyangwe kwaye ilungiswe, i-electrolysis yinkqubo enokuthi iphula iibhondi zeekhemikhali zeemolekyuli zamanzi (H2O) ngokusebenzisa umbane osetyenziswa phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini. Ukuze le nkqubo ikwazi ukuphinda ivuselelwe, isebenzisa umbane ovela kwimithombo ehlaziyekayoNgexesha le-electrolysis, oku kulandelayo kukhutshwa: ioksijini (O2) emoyeni njengemveliso engasemva, kwaye akukho kukhutshwa kwe-CO2 okunxulunyaniswa nenkqubo yokwahlula iimolekyuli zamanzi ngokwayo.
- Ukucinezelwa kwehydrogen (H2)Xa sele ivelisiwe, i-hydrogen idla ngokufumaneka xa iphantsi koxinzelelo. almacenamiento y transporteIdlula kwinkqubo yokucinezelwa enciphisa umthamo wegesi kwaye yonyusa uxinzelelo lwayo. Oku kuvumela ukuba kufakwe ihydrogen eninzi etankini. iisilinda, iitanki okanye izikhongozeli zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso okanye njengepetroli.
- Ukucocwa kwehydrogen: kweli nqanaba iimpawu zeoksijini, umphunga wamanzi, okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo okusenokuba kusele emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-electrolysis kunye nokucinezelwa. Isiphumo kukuba yi-hydrogen ecocekileyo kakhulu, efunekayo kwiindlela ezinobuthathaka ezifana iiseli zamafutha, iinkqubo zeekhemikhali ezincinci, okanye ukusetyenziswa okuthile kwimizi-mveliso apho ubukho bezinto ezingcolisayo bunokubangela ukugqwala, ukunciphisa ukusebenza, okanye ukuvelisa iimpendulo ezingafunekiyo.
Ukuthuthwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen evuselelekayo
Nje ukuba iveliswe, i-hydrogen evuselelekayo kufuneka zithuthwe kwaye zigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo ukuze isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oku, kuxhomekeke kwi ubungakanani obufunekayo, umgama kunye nohlobo lwesicelo.
Xa kufuneka umzi-mveliso okanye isityalo semizi-mveliso Ngobuninzi nangokuqhubekayo, i-hydrogen inokuthuthwa ngqo nge- wombhobho womnathaOlu qhagamshelo lwemibhobho luvumela umzi-mveliso ukuba unikezelwe ukusetyenziswa okufana nokuveliswa iglasi, intsimbi, iplastiki, ukutya, iikhemikhali kunye namanye amacandelo emizi-mveliso afuna imithamo emikhulu yale gesi.
I-hydrogen ingakwazi zigcinwe kwizikhongozeli ezixinzelelweyo ngaphandle kwesityalo semveliso uze uthuthwe ngu ilori, inqanawa okanye uloliweKuxhomekeke kwiziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kumgama ophakathi okanye omfutshane kunye nokubonelela izikhululo zokuzalisa i-hydrogen, amashishini amancinci, okanye iimoto.
Phakathi kwezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen evuselelekayo zezi:
- ZothuthoAmandla e-hydrogen can izithuthi zepetroli (iimoto, iibhasi, iilori, oololiwe, okanye neenqanawa). Ezi zithuthi zivelisa umbane ebhodini nge-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen, kwaye zikhupha kuphela umphunga wamanzi Xa uqhuba, ayikhuphi i-CO2. Lukhetho olunomdla kakhulu lokuthutha okunzima okanye umgama omde.
- IndustriaI-hydrogen ehlaziyekayo ingasetyenziswa njenge izinto ezicocekileyo okanye amafutha kwiifektri ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zininzi ngemibhobho okanye zincinci ngemibhobho. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuvumela ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yeenkqubo ezazisebenzisa igesi yendalo okanye amalahle ngokwesiko ukufumana ubushushu okanye ihydrogen esekwe kwifosili.
Ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen kusetyenziswa amandla avuselelekayo kubangela ipetroli icocekile ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo ukuya ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kokugqibelaNgale ndlela, iba sisixhobo esisebenzayo kakhulu ukususa i-carbon kwiinkampani, izixeko kunye neenkqubo zothuthoukuba nje oko kuhamba nocwangciso oluhle lwamandla kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezaneleyo.
Ifika njani i-hydrogen emzimbeni wethu?
I-hydrogen ikhona kuninzi lokutya neziselo esizityayo imihla ngemihla. Umzimba womntu wenziwe malunga nenye I-70% yamanzikwaye imolekyuli nganye yamanzi ineeathom ezimbini zehydrogen. Ngaphezu koko, i- iiprotheni, amafutha kunye neekhabhohayidrethi Ukutya kwethu kukwaqulethe i-hydrogen kwisakhiwo sayo seekhemikhali.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokwaneleyo kwamanzi nokutya okutyebileyo kwiikhompawundi ze-organic kuvumela i-hydrogen ukuba ithathe inxaxheba ukulawulwa kwe-pH yomzimbakwiimpendulo zemetabolism ezivelisa amandla (ezifana nokuphefumla kweeseli) kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweemolekyuli ezintsha ezibalulekileyo ebomini. Ngaphandle kolu nikezelo oluqhubekayo lwehydrogen, imetabolism yethu ibingenakukwazi ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ukuze uhlale usitya ukutya okutyebileyo nge-hydrogen, ngengqiqo yokukhetha ukutya okunamanzi amaninzi kunye neekhompawundi ezinempilo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utye iziqhamo nemifunokunye nomlinganiselo owaneleyo wamanzi acocekileyo. Phakathi kokutya okufumisayo ngakumbi kukho... citrus njengeetangerines, iiorenji, kunye neelamuni, kunye neestrawberry, ivatala, ivatala, kunye nezinye iziqhamo. Kakade ke, amanzi esiwasela imihla ngemihla Ngumthombo oyintloko we-hydrogen emzimbeni wethu.
Ziziphi iingozi kunye neendlela zokuzikhusela ezinxulumene ne-hydrogen?
Nangona isisiseko sobomi bomntu, igesi yehydrogen Itsha kakhulu kwaye inokuba yingozi phantsi kweemeko ezithile. ubunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli Ibangela ukuba inyuke ngokukhawuleza emoyeni, kodwa ukuba ivalelwa kwiindawo ezivalekileyo ize ixubane neoksijini ngokwemilinganiselo ethile, inokukhokelela ukuqhuma kunye namalangatye kunzima ukuwabona, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko.
Kumntu ohlushwa yiyo nayiphi na ukungoneli kokuphefumla okanye iingxaki ezinkulu zemiphunga, ukuphefumla i-hydrogen eninzi kwindawo engenamoya ungangeni kakuhle kunokuba yingozi, njengoko le gesi isusa indawo ioksijini evela emoyeni kwaye kunciphisa ubungakanani obufumanekayo bokuphefumla. Oku kubangela imeko yokuba i-hypoxia okanye ubuthi kuwo wonke umzimba. Asiyohydrogen ngokwayo eyingozi, kodwa kukunqongophala kweoksijini ebangelwa yiyo xa iyisusa endaweni yayo.
Ke ngoko, kwiindawo zoshishino kuyacetyiswa ukuba kubekho ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo amazinga e-hydrogen kwindalo esingqongileyo Ukuze kuthintelwe ezi ngozi, kufuneka kungene umoya ofanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zokuvuza. Kubalulekile nokuba iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezithintela unikezelo ukuba kufunyenwe imixube eqhumayo okanye ukuvuza okukhulu.
Kwelinye icala, kuyimfuneko ukuhlala kude iindawo zoshishino ezisebenzisa ubungakanani obukhulu be-hydrogen ekwenzeni iimveliso ezithile xa kungekho zixhobo zoqeqesho okanye zokukhusela ezaneleyo, njengoko zinokubangela ukuqhuma okanye imililo Ukuba onke amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo awasetyenziswa. Njengezinye iigesi ezinokutsha, kufuneka ziphathwe ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye zilandele imigaqo engqongqo.
Nangona i-hydrogen yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo amafutha acocekileyo ayafumanekaUkusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kufuna utyalo-mali kwiziseko zophuhliso ezikhuselekileyo, iinkqubo zokugcina ezithembekileyo, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo. Oku kunciphisa iingozi kwaye kwandisa iingenelo zayo zokusingqongileyo ngaphezu kwamafutha emveli efosili.
Imfundo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwemijikelo yendalo
Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kuyimfuneko ukungenelela inkqubo yemfundo kumazwe anezinga eliphantsi lophuhliso kwaye kuqiniswe nemfundo yokusingqongileyo kuwo onke amanqanaba. Ukuphumeza amaqhinga abantu ukuba baphile kunye neenkqubo zendalo kuya kubenza babe ngcono kakhulu. uyazi ngezinto ezikungqongileyo kunye nokubaluleka kokuyigcina.
Ngaloo ndlela, abantu banokukwazi ukugcina imeko-bume ikwimeko entle abahlala kuyo. kwizizukulwana ezizayo Ukuqonda indlela umjikelo we-hydrogen osebenza ngayo kunye nolwalamano lwawo neminye imijikelo ye-biogeochemical kusinceda siqonde ukuba kutheni izinto ezifana ungcoliseko, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okanye utshintsho lwemozulu Zinokuphazamisa kakhulu ulungelelwano lwendalo.
Kodwa kufuneka ndenze ntoni ukuze i Imijikelo yendalo efana nehydrogen Ingaba zizalisekile ngokugqibeleleyo? Ungaqala ngokuphanda nzulu ukuba ziyintoni na. imikhwa ezinzileyo ekufuneka uzisebenzise kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla (ukonga amanzi, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, ukusebenzisa amandla ngononophelo, ukusebenzisa ngabom) kwaye zeziphi izinto ekufuneka uzisebenzise izicwangciso zonxibelelwano ezilungele ngakumbi izakhono zakho ukuze ukwazi ukudlulisela umyalezo wolwazi kwabanye.
Ukuba ungumzali, ungaqala ngokunika abantwana bakho Ukukhulisa abantwana ngemilinganiselo emihle ezihambelana neenkqubo zendalo kunye nemijikelo. Ukuthetha ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza amanzi, ukuhlonipha izityalo nezilwanyana, nokuqonda indlela yonke into enxulumene ngayo kwiplanethi kukhuthaza uphuhliso lwabantu abanoxanduva ngakumbi kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ukwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi, ukuxhasa ubuchwepheshe obucocekileyo obufana i-hydrogen ehlaziyiweyo Kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu efuna izinto ezininzi ekhusela iinkqubo zendalo ngamanyathelo athi, xa edibene, aqinise ukugcinwa komjikelo we-hydrogen kunye nazo zonke iinkqubo ezixhasa ubomi eMhlabeni.
Ukuqonda indima yehydrogen njengento eninzi, ukudlula kwayo rhoqo phakathi kwamanzi, umoya, umhlaba, nezinto eziphilayo, kunye namandla ayo njengomthombo wamandla acocekileyo kusenza siyiqonde ngcono imfuneko yokuba khathalela imijikelo yendalo kunye nokuqhubekela phambili kwiimodeli zophuhliso ezihlonipha imida yeplanethi.