Ukufika konyaka omtsha kudla ngokuba nezigqibo ezininzi: ukujoyina ijimu, nyamekela umzimba wakho ngconofunda rhoqo okanye buyisela imikhwa yakho Nangona kunjalo, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, uninzi lwazo iinjongo ziyaphela kwaye kuvela uvakalelo lokuba ulahlekelwe ngamandla okuqala ngaphandle kokwazi isizathu.
Kunokuba yinto elula yokuzimisela, uphando lwakutshanje luqala ukufumanisa indlela Inkuthazo iyasebenza ngokwenene Xa sizama ukutshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo, ukusuka kwindlela esijonga ngayo umthambo ukuya kwindlela esifunda okanye esiya ngayo ejimini, isayensi yokuziphatha kunye namaqhinga amatsha avela kumaziko emidlalo abonisa into efanayo: ukuba asikhathali ngendlela esiziva ngayo ngexesha lenkqubo, kulula kakhulu ukuyeka.
Xa inkuthazo ingqubana nesimo sengqondo sokuthi "konke okanye akukho nto"
Indlela eqhelekileyo kaJanuwari: ucwangciso olutsha, izihlangu ezintsha, kunye nesithembiso sokuya ejimini kane ngeveki. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, amandla abonakala engapheli, kodwa kungekudala kufika iintlanganiso ezingalindelekanga, ukudinwa, okanye umkhuhlane, kwaye loo ndlela igqibeleleyo Iyaphela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, endaweni yokulungisa isicwangciso, umntu ugqiba kwelokuba "ayisenangqondo" aze asilahle.
Le mpendulo inegama layo kwiincwadi zesayensi: ukucinga konke okanye akukho ntoUphando, olufana nolo lwenziwa kwiiyunivesithi zaseMelika, lubonise ukuba xa inyani ingahambelani nombono ofanelekileyo wokuba uqeqesho lufanele lube yintoni, abantu abaninzi bajonga naluphi na uphambuko njengokusilela. Ukuba isicwangciso asilandelwa ngokupheleleyo, utyekelo lukucinga ukuba "akunamsebenzi."
Le ndlela ingqongqo sele ibonwe kwicandelo lezondlo kunye nokulawula ubunzima, kodwa izifundo ezintsha ziyisebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi yomzimba. Abathathi-nxaxheba bachaze indlela amathemba angekho ngqiqweni ngayo, kunye nemvakalelo yokuba umzamo ukhawulezileyo ngelixa iingenelo ziza kufika kuphela kwixesha elide, Bagqibela bewuthomalalisa umnqweno wokuqhubeka.
Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho iimeko eziqaphelekayo: abantu abayeka ijimu kuba bephoswe yiveki, abagijimi abayeka ngenxa yokuba bengalifikelelanga ixesha ababezibekele lona, ​​okanye abo bavakalelwa kukuba "sele kudlule ixesha" ukuba abakaqeqeshwanga kangangoko bebelindele kwinyanga.
Ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba inkuthazo igcinwa ngcono xa sivuma ukuba ubomi abuqhelekanga kwaye Ukungaguquguquki akuthethi ukugqibelelakodwa endaweni yoko ukukwazi ukuziqhelanisa. Iseshoni emfutshane, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, okanye umthambo owahlukileyo kunoko bekucwangcisiwe akufuneki kuthathwe njengokusilela, kodwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo eguquguqukayo.
Inkuthazo kunye nengqondo: ukufunda ngokuthanda ukwazi akufani nokufunda ngokuxinezeleka
Inkuthazo ayisebenzi ngendlela efanayo xa kufikwa ekufundeni okanye ekufundeni into entsha. Indlela yakutshanje eqhutywa ngabaphandi abavela kwi- IYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseSingapore kunye neYunivesithi yaseDuke Ibonisa ukuba ingqondo isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakheka kwezinto ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuba sifunda.
Iqela, elikhokelwa nguPoh Jia-Hou kunye no-R. Alison Adcock, lahlula iimeko ezimbini eziphambili zokukhuthaza: ezibizwa ngokuba imeko yokubuza imibuzo kunye imeko yokunyanzeliswaEzi azizo nje iilebhile zethiyori, kodwa ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwengqondo ezinemiphumo ethe ngqo kwimemori.
Imeko yokubuza ivela xa umntu ehamba umdla, umdla wokwenene okanye umnqweno wokuqonda into engcono. Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, xa umntu ezama ukungena kwisihloko ngokwakhe, ebuza imibuzo, aze idibanisa iingcamango ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwangaphandleKule ndlela, ingqondo ibeka phambili uphando, iqhagamshelanisa iingcamango, kwaye yakhe uthungelwano olubanzi lweentsingiselo.
Kwinqanaba lebhayoloji, le meko inxulunyaniswa kakhulu dopaminei-neurotransmitter enxulumene nenkuthazo kunye nolindelo lomvuzo. I-hippocampus, ebalulekileyo ekuhlanganiseni iinkumbulo, iyasebenza, njengoko kunjalo neendawo ze-prefrontal cortex ezibandakanyeka ekucwangciseni, ekucingeni nasekucingeni okuguquguqukayo. Iinkumbulo ezenziwe kule meko zihlala zinjalo ihlala ixesha elide kwaye inokudluliselwa komnye umntu kwezinye iimeko.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yeyokunyanzelisa ibonakala xa kukho ukungxama, uxinzelelo, okanye usukelo olukhawulezileyo: ukulungiselela uvavanyo oluchasene nexesha, ukuhlangabezana nomhla wokugqibela, okanye ukuphendula umsebenzi onzima. Kwimeko enjalo, ingqondo igxila kwinto engxamisekileyo, kwinto efunekayo ukuze kudlule imeko, ibeka phambili izinto. isantya kunye nokuchaneka ngexesha ngaphezu kokuhlanganiswa okunzulu koko kufundwayo.
Apha, noradrenalineLe nto inxulunyaniswa nokuphaphama kunye nempendulo yoxinzelelo. Iindawo ezifana ne-amygdala kunye neendawo zeemvakalelo ziyavela ngakumbi, zisinceda sisabele ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa zihlala zivelisa iinkumbulo eziqhekekileyo, ezingadibani kangako. Oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba abantu abaninzi benze kakuhle kuvavanyo ngokufunda ngomzuzu wokugqibela, kodwa Bayalibala umxholo emva nje koko.
Kwaba baphandi, inkuthazo ayisiyo "fuel" yokufunda nje kuphela, kodwa yinto echaza uhlobo lwenkumbulo eyakhiweyo. Imeko nganye idala "umxholo we-neural" owahlukileyo, uhlobo lwemeko yangaphakathi elawula indlela ulwazi olufakwa ngayo kwaye lugcinwa ngayo.
Esi sikhokelo sinefuthe elicacileyo kwimfundo. Ukuyila iiklasi, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, okanye uvavanyo olukhuthaza umdla, umdla wobuqu, kunye nophando olusebenzayo kunokuphucula kakhulu ukufunda. umgangatho wokufunda ixesha elideAsikuko ukuphelisa lonke uxinzelelo, kodwa malunga nokungayenzi ibe yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuba abafundi bafunde.
Ukusuka kwindawo yokuzivocavoca eqinileyo ukuya kwindawo yokudlala: ukunyuka "kokuhlekisa"
Nangona uphando lwezemfundo luhambela phambili kwicandelo lenkuthazo, abanye abaqhubi beshishini lokuqina komzimba eYurophu baqala ukuguqula ezi ngcamango zibe lutshintsho olubonakalayo. Oku kunjalo ngeDavid Lloyd Clubs, ebhengeze indlela entsha yokuqonda amava emidlalo yabantu abadala ngokubandakanya ingcamango ye "ukungcatsha".
Eli gama lidibanisa amagama athi "umntwana" kunye "nomntu omdala" kwaye libhekisa ekubuyeni kwendima yokudlala yokuzilolonga komzimba. Emva kweminyaka apho intetho eyayikho yayijikeleza kumzamo omkhulu, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza rhoqo, kunye nomdla wokutshintsha umzimba, abasebenzisi abaninzi bagqibela bedibanisa ijimu kunye uxinzelelo, ukuzinikela, kunye nomgwebo wangaphandle.
Isiphakamiso "sokuhlekisa" asijolisanga ekufundiseni abantwana, kodwa sijolise ekubuyiseleni amandla okudlala, ukuzenzela izinto, kunye nokonwaba kwiiseshoni ezenzelwe abantu abadala, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza. inkuthazo yezemidlaloIiseshoni zoqeqesho zibeka phambili amava ngaphezu kweziphumo, ngeentshukumo ezilula, iifomathi zamaqela, kunye nemisebenzi efunekayo Ziyanceda ukunxibelelana nabantu endaweni yokuthelekisa okuqhubekayo.
Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba injongo ayikokugqiba nje inkqubo okanye ukuphucula abo babalaseleyo, kodwa kukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bazive bekhululekile, bekhululekile, kwaye bekhuthazekile, nokuba inqanaba labo lezakhono linjani na. Ingqwalasela itshintsha ukusuka ekugqibeleleni kokusebenza ukuya kwimvakalelo yokuphila kakuhle, ehambelana nengcamango yokudlulela ngaphaya kwengqondo yokuba konke okanye akukho nto.
Le ndlela ayithathi indawo yeenkqubo zoqeqesho ezicwangcisiweyo zemveli, kodwa yandisa ukhetho lwabo banokuyeka ukuya ejimini. Ingcinga kukubuyisela umthambo kwinkqubo yabo yesiqhelo njenge... imisebenzi eyonwabisayo nezinzileyo, endaweni yesibophelelo esishiywayo nanini na xa kunzima.
Inkuthazo, amazinga okuyeka isikolo kunye nempilo: umngeni eYurophu
Umdla kwiindlela ezifana "nokudlala ngolu hlobo" awuzange uvele ndawo. Iingxelo ezininzi zoshishino zibonisa ukuba esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuyeka iijimu zaseYurophu asikokunqongophala kwezixhobo okanye, rhoqo, ixesha elifumanekayo, kodwa kunoko ukulahleka kwenkuthazoUkudinwa engqondweni, uxinzelelo lomsebenzi, kunye nokuxinana kwemithwalo kwenza ukuba ukuphinda ube neseshoni yomgudu omkhulu kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla kube nzima kubantu abadala abaninzi.
Emva kobhubhane we-COVID-19, le ndlela iye yanda. ESpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, abasebenzisi baya bexabisa iindawo ezibonakalayo apho banokuzifumana khona. qhawula ubudlelwane kwaye udibanise nabanye abantuUkongeza kuqeqesho. Kule meko, izindululo ezibandakanya umdlalo kunye noluntu zinempembelelo embaxa: zinceda abantu bahlale bekhuthele kwaye basebenze njengendawo yokubalekela uxinzelelo lwemihla ngemihla.
Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwamaqela kuthetha utshintsho kwindima yabaqeqeshi. Ukususela kumanani agxile kakhulu kwixesha, ukulawula ukuphindaphinda, kunye nokulinganisa iziphumo, baya kwindima efikelelekayo nekhuthazayo. Umsebenzi wabo ngoku uquka hlengahlengisa ubunzulu kumntu ngamnye, velisa amava amnandi kwaye womeleze ukuzithemba kwabo beza kwiziko.
Olu tshintsho lukwanomlinganiselo weshishini. Umsebenzisi oyonwabela kwaye ebona ijimu njengendawo enobuhlobo udla ngokuya rhoqo aze agcine ubulungu bakhe ixesha elide. Kwiimarike ezikhuphisanayo ezifana neYurophu, ukuguqula iziko lezemidlalo libe yindawo yokuqeqesha kuthetha ukuba nwabele kwaye nincokole iye yaba lithuba elihle kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zoqoqosho, kukho impembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yoluntu. Ukunciphisa imiqobo yengqondo yokuzilolonga, ukukhuthaza ubudlelwane obungenatyala kangako nomsebenzi womzimba, kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo apho intshukumo ifana nempilo-ntle yeemvakalelo kunceda ekuphuculeni impilo-ngqondo kunye nomanyano lwentlalo.
Inkuthazo engagungqiyo yokuxhasa utshintsho
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezivelayo, ukusuka kuphando malunga nokucinga okungenamsebenzi okanye okungenamsebenzi ukuya kwizindululo ezivela kwiindawo zokuzivocavoca ezizisa umdlalo kwiiseshoni zazo, zonke zibhekisa kwicala elinye: Inkuthazo ayigcinwa ngezidingo ezingapheliyoIphumelela kwiinjongo ezinokwenzeka, ukuguquguquka kokuziqhelanisa neziganeko ezingalindelekanga, kunye namava anentsingiselo kumntu ngamnye kubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla.
Kwimithambo, ukwamkela ukuba isicwangciso sinokutshintshwa ngaphandle kokunikezela kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uJanuwari ayingokuphela kwenyanga esebenzayo yonyaka. Ekufundeni, ukubeka phambili umdla kunye nomdla wakho, nanini na kunokwenzeka, kukhulisa iinkumbulo ezinzulu kunezo zakhiwe phantsi koxinzelelo loviwo kuphela. Kwaye kwiijimu zaseYurophu, ukufaka izinto zokudlala kunye nezentlalo kunceda ukwenza ukuya kwijimu kungabi ngumsebenzi onzima kodwa kube ngamava amnandi ngakumbi. usuku oluhle nawe kunye nabanye abantu.
Inkuthazo, eqondwa ngendlela engaqinanga neyobuntu, ibonakala iyinto ebalulekileyo kwimpilo-ntle yomzimba, yengqondo neyoluntu ukuze umntu ayeke ukuxhomekeka kwimiqolo ethile aze abe yinxalenye ezinzileyo yesiqhelo, eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
