Iingxaki zentlalo ziziphazamiso okanye iziphazamiso ezichaphazela uluntu ngokuthe ngqo, nesifanele isisombululo esibandakanya ukusebenzisana komntu ochaphazelekayo, kunye neearhente ezinje ngurhulumente, oyena umisela imithetho ukuze olu hlobo lobundlobongela lungabikho. .
Ezi zikho kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi, kuba akukho namnye ukhululekileyo kubo, nangona ubukho beengxaki zentlalo buqatshelwe kakhulu kuluntu lwesiLatin kwilizwekazi elitsha, ukusuka embindini ukuya emazantsi oMzantsi Melika.
Zeziphi ezona ngxaki ziphambili ekuhlaleni?
Amanqanaba aphezulu olwaphulo-mthetho, ukunqongophala kophuhliso lwentlalo ngokubhekisele kwizindlu, ukunqongophala kokutya, ulawulo olubi lukarhulumente olukhokelela kurhwaphilizo nokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho, amanqanaba asezantsi emfundo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, Iingxaki eziphambili zentlalo ezinokufunyanwa Kuyo yonke iLatin America.
Nangona ezi zibonakala ngakumbi kwamanye amazwe ngaphezu kwamanye, akukho namnye kubo owayekho kuluhlu. Okwangoku, kukho amazwe aneengxaki ezinzulu kangangokuba bade bahlelwa njengeengxaki zomntu, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwemithetho kunye nolawulo olubi loorhulumente.
Ngokusisiseko iingxaki zentlalo zivela xa icandelo okanye abantu ngokubanzi belizwe abakwazi ukufikelela kwinto abayifunayo ukuze baphile, ukudala ukuphazamiseka okunzulu, apho abo banembopheleleko yokufumana isisombululo urhulumente kunye nombuso.
Kule mihla, iingxaki zentlalo ebezibonakala zingenabungozi ngaphambili zonyukile, kodwa kule minyaka idlulileyo ziye zanyuka zaya kumazinga namhlanje abonakala engenakwenzeka ukoyisa, nangona oku kubangele ukuba amaqela angengokarhulumente athathe amanyathelo ngokuchasene noku, besebenza namaphulo azama ukwenza abantu babone ubunzulu beengxaki.
Phakathi kwezona ngxaki zixhalabisayo kunye nezo ziphambili eziye zaqatshelwa ngamandla kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX kunokufumaneka oku kulandelayo:
Ungcoliseko
Kule minyaka ili-150 idlulileyo kuye kwaqatshelwa utshintsho olukhulu kwiatmosfera yomhlaba, ebangelwe yi Ungcoliseko lomntu kwindalo esingqongileyo, kubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kuluntu, phantse kuyo yonke into, kuba ichaphazela iindawo abahlala kuzo abantu, bahlala phantsi, bezithoba kwaye bathintela abantu ukuba bangahlali kwezo ndawo.
Ngokufika kwezinto zokwenziwa, kuye kwakho ukukhula okuwohlokayo kule minyaka idlulileyo, ngenxa yokuba abantu bengakhange babenolwazi olufanelekileyo ngesiphumo salo kwiplanethi.
Le ngxaki ide yabangela ukuba umaleko we-ozone, lowo uneempawu eziyimfuneko ukukhusela izinto eziphilayo kwimitha yelanga ephuma elangeni, eyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu abahlala emhlabeni kwaye ngokufanayo ngokubanzi .
Kumazwe aseLatin America le ngxaki iye yaqatshelwa ngomthamo omkhulu, ngenxa yokuba kungakhange kubekho ulawulo olufanelekileyo ngoorhulumente noorhulumente, bevumela inkunkuma eveliswe ngabantu abafanayo ukuba ibekwe kwiindawo ezingalunganga, kubangela ukuba iindawo eziluhlaza zilahleke kunye neendawo eziqhelekileyo zommandla.
Nangona kwinxalenye yehlabathi kusaliwa le ngxaki inkulu, embindini nakumazantsi ezwekazi laseMelika, amanyathelo afanelekileyo awathathwanga ukunqanda ungcoliseko, kuba khange kuthathwe ngobuzaza obuyimfuneko.
Intlupheko
Intlupheko ichazwa njengemeko umntu okanye uluntu luphela olunokuthi luhambe ngokunxulumene nemeko yezoqoqosho nezentlalo, apho bathi akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane izibonelelo ezithile ezisisiseko, ezinje ngengobozi yokutya, ethi yona ibonelele ngokutya okubonelela ngeekhalori eziyimfuneko ukugcina impilo isempilweni.
Zininzi iindidi zentlupheko, kuba kwezinye iimeko ukungabikho kwemfundo, amanzi okusela, impahla, ikhaya, phakathi kwezinye iimfuno ezisisiseko, kunokuqatshelwa.
Ezona zinto zibangela intlupheko sisiphumo sokukhutshelwa ngaphandle ngokwasentlalweni kumaqela athile abantu, ebavimba ithuba lokufumana imisebenzi eya kubanelisa ukuze baphile ubomi obunesidima.
Kumazwe aseLatin, ukukhula okubonakalayo kwintlupheko kuye kwabonwa kule minyaka idlulileyo, ngenxa yolawulo olugwenxa loorhulumente, abangakwaziyo ukudala izicwangciso zokudityaniswa okanye imisebenzi efanelekileyo kwaba bantu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ewe Bayayenza kodwa bagqibela ngokushiya sebenza phakathi, banyanzela abantu ukuba basebenze kwimivuzo ephantsi kakhulu abangaziboniyo izibonelelo.
Intlupheko yingxaki eyomeleleyo ekuhlaleni, kuba abanye bayabandakanyeka kuyo, kuba ukunqongophala kwezinye iimveliso ezisisiseko kubantu abathile kubangela iimvakalelo zobubi, ngenxa yokukhutshelwa ngaphandle koluntu.
Iindawo zokuhlala
Le ngxaki ibangelwa yile ichazwe apha ngasentla, ngenxa yokuba, bengenazo izibonelelo zoqoqosho eziyimfuneko, kwiimeko ezininzi kunzima kubo nokuba bathenge ukutya ukuze baphile, ngenxa yoko akunakwenzeka ukuba bafumane ikhaya Iintsapho zabo.
Kwamanye amazwe aseLatin kwenziwe iinkqubo zokubonelela ngendlu yasimahla kubantu abayifunayo, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi zizise iziphumo ezibi, ngenxa yolwakhiwo olungalunganga nolwakhiwo.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho
Enye ingxaki yomngcipheko omkhulu wentlalo ohambelana nentlupheko, kuba abantu abaninzi bazifumana bengakwazi ukubonelela izihlobo zabo ngezibonelelo ezisisiseko njengokutya, impahla okanye ikhaya elifanelekileyo, bayazivumela ukuba bathwalwe ziimpembelelo ezimbi yenza izinto ezingekho mthethweni ezinokuba neziphumo ezibi ngokwenene.
Kukho amazwe aseLatin America apho imithetho ingakhathalelwanga ngokupheleleyo, ize yona ithatyathwe ngabemi ngokwabo, bohlwaye abophuli-mthetho abakwaziyo ukubabamba ngesohlwayo esiqatha, ukuhla ekuhlaleni, kuba oku kuthathwa njengezenzo ezinesiphithiphithi.
Le yingxaki yezentlalo enokuthi iqatshelwe kwihlabathi liphela, kuba ayingobantu kuphela abanezixhobo eziphantsi abenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, kukwakho nabantu ababawayo abafuna ukufikelela kubutyebi ngeendlela ezilula nezingazamiyo zokwenza izicwangciso zokuphanga okukhulu. iinkampani.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho luzisa iingxaki ezifana nobundlongondlongo, ukubulala, ukudlwengula, impatho-mbi, ukungahoywa nazo zonke izenzo ezimbi ezigwetywa yimithetho eqhelekileyo.
Ukungaphangeli
Ukunqongophala kwamathuba emisebenzi kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu eluntwini, ke oku kubangela ukungonwabi eluntwini kwaye kungakhokelela kulwaphulo-mthetho, kuba imisebenzi ingowona mthombo uphambili wengeniso yalo naluphi na usapho oluhlala elizweni.
Le yingxaki ekungekho sisombululo kuye kwafunyanwa kumazwe aliqela aseLatin America, kwaye ngakumbi ngoku inani labaphambukeli likhule ngenxa yeengxaki zopolitiko kumazwe akufuphi, kubangela ukwanda kwabemi kunye nokwenza imfuno enkulu yemisebenzi.
Ukukhutshelwa kukwabandakanyiwe koku, kuba amanye amacandelo oluntu akhetha ukungawamkeli umsebenzi wamanye amacandelo abacinga ukuba angajongeka njengababi, abangele iimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo ngokupheleleyo ezinokubachaphazela ngendlela embi nangakumbi kwixa elizayo.
Urhwaphilizo
Eli licandelo lolwaphulo-mthetho, kuba limalunga nezopolitiko okanye amaziko aseburhulumenteni angayithobeliyo imithetho emiselwe ngokwabo, phakathi kwamaqela avela kwiindawo ezininzi ezinje ngezopolitiko, kunye namapolisa, anokubonwa ebandakanyeka. Phakathi kwabanye.
Urhwaphilizo luchazwa njengolo lwenkohlakalo, apho abantu abaphetheyo kwinkampani okanye kurhulumente, basebenzise kwaye basebenzise amandla abanikwe wona ukuze bazuze ngokungekho mthethweni
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwaqatshelwa kumazwe aseLatin indlela urhwaphilizo oluye lwanyukela kumanqanaba aphezulu, nangona ngendlela efanayo eye wafuna ukuyilwa, kodwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho kubonakala ngathi yingxaki enzima ekupheliseni, kuba uninzi lwabo banezikhundla kurhulumente ngabantu abaneenjongo ezimbi.
Imfundo Embi
Kuninzi lwala mazwe i ukungabikho kwemfundo Ngenxa yeengxaki ezininzi zentlalo eziboniswe apha, kuba kukho iintsapho ezifumanisa kunzima ukuhlawulela imfundo elungileyo.
Nangona amatyeli aliqela amaziko oluntu evavanyiwe, apho bonke abantu abazimiseleyo okanye abanqwenela ukufumana imfundo elungileyo, banokuyifumana ngaphandle kokuzibophelela ekuhlawuleni, kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba ngenxa yorhwaphilizo nolwaphulo-mthetho, akukho nto iphumeleleyo indlela elungileyo.
Ayizizo zonke iimeko ezimbi, kuba kukho abantu abalufuna ngokwenene utshintsho, kwaye bachitha ixesha labo beziphucula, befunda kwaye benikela ngegalelo eluntwini, kodwa enyanisweni le pesenti iphantsi kakhulu kwizalathi.
Imfundo engalunganga inokuzisa iingxaki kwezentlalo kwixesha elizayo ezinje ngolwaphulo-mthetho, intswela-ngqesho, intlupheko phakathi kwabanye, kuba namhlanje iinkampani zifuna kakhulu xa kuqeshwa, ke zicela njengemfuneko yokuba abasebenzi banesidanga esincinci semfundo ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza.
Iziyobisi
Iingxaki zihlala zizisa iingxaki ezininzi, ngenxa yoko ukungabikho kwemfundo, ukungaqeshwa, ulwaphulo-mthetho, njalo njalo kunokubangela imikhwa emibi, enje Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisiZonke iintlobo, nokuba ziziyobisi okanye utywala ngokugqithisileyo obunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yomthengi, nakwabo bamngqongileyo.
Uninzi lwaboni lufunyenwe luthatha ezona zenzo zinoburhalarhume emva kokutya nayiphi na kwezi zinto, kuba zithintela naziphi na iimvakalelo zovelwano.
Kumazwe aseLatin America ukugqabhuka okukhulu kwezi zinto kubonwa ngenkxalabo enkulu, kukho izityalo ezikhulu zazo zonke iintlobo zezityalo ezikwaziyo ukwenza ingqondo nomzimba zitshone, kunye neelebhu ezenzelwe ukwenza izinto zokwenziwa iyingozi ngakumbi empilweni.
Mininzi imibutho evumelekileyo ukuba yenze amaphulo ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kolu hlobo lwezinto, ukuzama ukwazisa malunga nengozi abayiphetheyo, kwaye nakwimimandla ethile kuye kwamiselwa imithetho ngakumbi kwiibhokisi zemidiza apho kuboniswa khona imifanekiso yezifo ukuba imikhwa yokutshaya inokubangela umntu.
Ukungondleki
Ngenxa yobuhlwempu obugqithisileyo, kuvela le ngxaki inkulu kwezentlalo, ethi izise ukufa okungafanelekanga kwabantu abaninzi, ngenxa yokuba bengakhange badle naluphi na uhlobo lokutya ixesha elide.
Amazwe aseLatin athwaxwa kanobom ziziphumo zokungondleki kuninzi lwabemi bangoku, nangona awona manqanaba aphezulu okungondleki anokubonwa kwilizwekazi laseAfrika apho kubonwa khona imeko ezingenabuntu kwaphela.
Ukungondleki ayisiyomphumo wokungatyi kakhulu, kodwa ikwanento yokwenza nohlobo lokutya okutyiweyo, kuba ukuze ube nesondlo esifanelekileyo kufuneka utye onke amacandelo epiramidi yokutya, etshintsha phakathi kweeproteni, amafutha, iikhabhohayidrethi, iiminerali, iivithamini kunye nazo zonke izinto ezifunekayo emzimbeni ukuze zikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ofanelekileyo.
Kwamanye amazwe ase Latin Ukunqongophala kweemveliso zebhaskiti yokutya, nezikhokelele ekubeni abantu abahlala kumazwe athile, bangabinako ukufikelela ngokulula kwezi, kufuneka batye ezinye iintlobo zokutya kwiimeko ezininzi ezingenakho ukubonelela ngezakhamzimba eziyimfuneko emzimbeni.
Ubundlobongela
Olu hlobo lwengxaki kwezentlalo kudala luchaphazela lonke uluntu kwihlabathi, nangona imithombo yeendaba iguqukile, kunokwenzeka ukuba ibone ukuba ithathe njani iifom ezintsha.
Ubundlobongela buneentlobo ezahlukeneyo apho inqanaba lobundlobongela elinokuthi lihlupheke kwixhoba linokuthathelwa ingqalelo.
Ubundlobongela obubhekiselwe kwabasetyhini yenye yezona zinto ziphambili ekusetyenzwa ngazo kwihlabathi liphela namhlanje, ngenxa yentshukumo enkulu yabasetyhini, eyala ngokupheleleyo iingcinga zesini, kuba oku kukhokelele ekubeni bacalulwe kwaye baphathwe gadalala ngaphandle kokufaka isohlwayo esisemthethweni kwabo bahlasela.
Okwangoku kukho uhlobo lobundlobongela obuchazwe njengobundlavini, obukuhlukumeza abantu, obenza bazive belahliwe kwaye bahlekise ngeempawu zabo ezahlukeneyo, oku kuye kwadlulela kumanqanaba e-cybernetic, apho abahlukumezi benza ngokurhabaxa ngokusebenzisa uthungelwano lwasentlalweni, ukuthukisa nokuhlekisa abanye abantu nokuba babachaphazela njani abanye.
Le yingxaki yezentlalo enamava kwihlabathi liphela, nangona kumazwe aseLatin America ibonakele rhoqo, ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu otywala kunye neziyobisi, ezibangele ukuxhatshazwa kosapho kunye nabantu abangabaziyo.
Ezi ndidi zezenzo zihlala zohlwaywa ngumthetho, kuba abantu abanobundlobongela kwiimeko ezininzi banokudala ukufa kumaxhoba.
Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokusombulula ezi ntlobo zeengxaki kukuba uluntu kunye noorhulumente basebenze kunye, umntu asebenzise imithetho kunye nezohlwayo eziyimfuneko ekuthobeleni ngokuchanekileyo imigaqo ekhokelela kwintlalo-ntle, kunye noluntu oluqondayo ukuba ngelixa zincinci iingxaki ezikhoyo , ukukhula kwabo kuya kuba ngcono, kwaye ke baya kuba nakho ukuguquka babe ngumhlaba ovelisa ngakumbi.