Ihomoni ebangela ukuziva sisempilweni engqondweni yethu ibizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine. Kutshanje, kuye kwenziwa izifundo ezininzi ezidibanisa ubudlelwane bayo kungekuphela nje ngolonwabo, kodwa kunye neenkqubo ezisisiseko ezifana inkumbulo yexesha elide kunye nokufunda. Ezi zinto zifunyenweyo zivule iingcango ezintsha ekuqondeni ukuziphatha komntu kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's.
Indima ebalulekileyo ye-dopamine kwinkumbulo
I-Dopamine ayaziwa kuphela ngesiteketiso sayo njenge "hormone yolonwabo" ngenxa yokungxama kwentlalo-ntle eyivelisayo kwiimeko ezonwabileyo. Ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ukubunjwa kunye nokudityaniswa kweenkumbulo zexesha elide. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, iziganeko ezinomvuzo Zigcinwe ngcono kwinkumbulo yethu ngenxa yesenzo sale neurotransmitter.
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lugxile ekuhlalutyeni indlela i-dopamine eyiphucula ngayo inkumbulo ye-episodic, i-subcategory yememori yexesha elide evumela ukuba sikhumbule iziganeko ze-autobiographical. Ukwenza oku, i-dopamine precursors yayilawulwa kwizifundo phakathi kwe-65 kunye ne-75 yeminyaka ubudala, kwaye kwaphawulwa ukuba abo baphathwayo babonisa ukuqaphela okungcono imifanekiso eboniswe ngaphambili xa kuthelekiswa nabo bafumana indawo ye-placebo.
Indlela amanqanaba e-dopamine achaphazela ngayo ixesha
Ngokuguga, imveliso ye-dopamine ebuchosheni iyancipha ngokwendalo. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni inkumbulo episodic Ithande ukuba mandundu kubantu abadala kwaye iqaqambise ukubaluleka kokugcina amanqanaba afanelekileyo ale neurotransmitter ukucothisa le nkqubo.
Uphononongo olukhankanywe ngasentla lusebenzise i-levodopa (L-DOPA), isandulela esiphucula ngokuthe ngqo amanqanaba e-dopamine engqondweni. Le ngqungquthela ayiphuculanga kuphela imemori ye-episodic kubathathi-nxaxheba, kodwa iphinde ibonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa le nto ukungenelela kwizifo ze-neurodeergenerative ezifana ne-Alzheimer's okanye i-Parkinson.
Isebenza njani i-dopamine ekudityanisweni kweenkumbulo
Ummandla we-ventral tegmental kunye ne-hippocampus zizakhiwo eziphambili kwinkqubo yokubunjwa kwememori. Emva kwesiganeko esibalulekileyo, i-neurons ikhupha i-dopamine, eyenza imimandla ethile yengqondo inoxanduva lokubeka iinkumbulo. Ngaphandle koku kuvula, iinkumbulo zezokwexeshana kwaye ziphela ngokukhawuleza.
Ngapha koko, i-dopamine ayincedi kuphela ukudibanisa iinkumbulo ezibalulekileyo, kodwa ikwathatha inxaxheba kwindlela yebhayoloji elahla ulwazi olungenamsebenzi. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba "ukulibala okusebenzayo«, ivumela ingqondo ukuba igxile kwizinto ezifanelekileyo ngokwenene.
Iimvakalelo kunye nekhonkco labo kunye nenkumbulo
Kuyaziwa ngokubanzi oko ezona nkumbulo zibalulekileyo Zidla ngokunxulunyaniswa neemvakalelo ezinzulu. Oku kungenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-dopamine kunye ne-limbic system, enoxanduva lokuphendula ngokweemvakalelo. Xa kukho into esishukumisa ngokunzulu, ukukhutshwa kwe-dopamine komeleza loo nkumbulo, iyenza ihlale ixesha elide.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-dopamine kunye neminye imisebenzi yokuqonda
I-Dopamine ayiyimfuneko kuphela kwimemori. Le neurotransmitter nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo inkuthazo, ukufunda kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Umzekelo, amanqanaba asezantsi e-dopamine anxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka okunje ngokusilela kwengqwalasela (ADHD), ngelixa amanqanaba angaphezulu anokunxulumana nezifo ezinjenge-schizophrenia.
Ukongeza, uphando lwakutsha nje lucebisa ukuba i-dopamine ichaphazela ngqo ubuntu bethu. Abantu abanamanqanaba aphezulu e-dopamine badla ngokugqithiswa ngakumbi kwaye bathathe umngcipheko omkhulu, ngelixa amanqanaba asezantsi enxulunyaniswa nokungakhuseleki kunye ne-phobia yentlalo.
Uyinyusa njani imveliso ye-dopamine ngokwemvelo
Nangona kukho unyango lwe-pharmacological ukulungelelanisa amanqanaba e-dopamine, kuyenzeka ukuba ikhuthaze imveliso yayo ngokwemvelo. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso eziphambili:
- Ukutya okutyebileyo ngetyrosine: Ukutya ukutya okunje ngetshokholethi, iibhanana, iialmonds, kunye neeavokhado kunceda umzimba uvelise i-dopamine ngendlela enempilo.
- Umsebenzi womzimba: Ukuzivocavoca rhoqo akukhuphi kuphela i-endorphins, kodwa kwakhona kuvuselela ukukhutshwa kwe-dopamine.
- Mamela umculo: Amaxesha aphezulu kwiingoma zethu esizithandayo anokuvelisa i-dopamine spike.
- Ziqhelanise nombulelo: Umbulelo wemihla ngemihla uphucula isimo sengqondo kwaye ukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwale neurotransmitter.
Iimpembelelo zonyango kunye nophando lwexesha elizayo
Amandla onyango e-dopamine makhulu. Ukusuka ekunyangeni izifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's ukuya ekulawuleni iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu, izifundo zangoku ziguqula i-neuroscience. Umzekelo, ngokulawula i-dopamine, iinkumbulo ezingezizo zinokuchaswa okanye ezomelezwa kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, imingeni isekhona. Abaphandi baphonononga iindlela ezintsha zokwandisa impembelelo ye-dopamine kwingqondo kwaye baqonde ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ukuba iyichaphazela njani eminye imimandla yokuqonda.
I-Dopamine ingaphezulu kwehomoni yolonwabo. Indima yakhe kwi inkumbulo, inkuthazo kunye neemvakalelo igxininisa ukubaluleka kwayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ngokuyiqonda ngcono, asikwazi nje ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bethu, kodwa sivule iingcango ezintsha zokunyanga izifo ze-neurodeergenerative kunye nokuphucula ukufunda kwabantu.