El Ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni akuyongxaki nje yokuhlalisanaIngena engqondweni. Oko abanye abantu abadala abasakubonayo "njengabantwana" kushiya impembelelo enzulu kwizakhiwo zobuchopho, kwiinkqubo zoxinzelelo, kunye nendlela abantwana kunye nolutsha abavakalelwa ngayo, abacinga ngayo, kunye nendlela abanxibelelana ngayo nabanye. I-Neuroscience ibibonisa iminyaka emininzi ukuba ukuxhaphaza luhlobo lwamava amabi ebuntwaneni olunokutshintsha uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, njengoko kuchaziwe. indlela ukuxhaphaza okudala ngayo ingqondo.
Kwangaxeshanye, uphando lutyhila ukuba Asingomaxhoba kuphela achaphazelekayoAbo bahlaselayo kunye nabo babukela ngaphandle kokuyibukela babonisa iipatheni ezithile ze-neurobiological kunye nokuziphatha, kunye neengozi zexesha eliphakathi nelide. Ukuqonda indlela ingqondo esabela ngayo xa ixhatshazwa Inceda ekuyileni iinkqubo zokuthintela, zokungenelela kunye nezemfundo ezikhuthaza iimvakalelo, kuthintelwe ukugxila kuyo kuphela "njengengxaki yokuziphatha okubi".
Yintoni ukuxhaphaza esikolweni ngokwembono ye-neuroscience?
Ngokwembono yesayensi, ukuxhaphaza esikolweni yinto iseti ethile yeendlela zokuziphatha eziphindaphindiweyo zobundlobongelaEzi zenzo zijoliswe ngabom kumfundi okwimeko engentle okanye apho kukho ukungalingani kwamandla xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaseli. Zinokuba ngokwasemzimbeni, ngamazwi, ngokwengqondo, ngokwentlalo, ngokubhaliweyo, okanye kwi-intanethi, kwaye zihlala ixesha elide, nto leyo ebenza babe noxinzelelo olungapheliyo.
I-Neuroscience iyibeka ngaphakathi amava angalunganga obuntwana, iqela lamava abuhlungu (ukuphathwa kakubi, ukungahoywa, ukuxhatshazwa, ubundlobongela basekhaya, njl.njl.) athi, xa eqhubeka, atshintshe iinkqubo zokukhula kwengqondo (jonga Ukusuka kuxinzelelo ukuya engqondweni kunye nendlela yokwenza izinto). Kwixesha lokufikisa, ixesha apho ingqondo izihlela ngokutsha, impembelelo yokuxhaphaza iba buthathaka kakhulu.
Ngaloo minyaka ukuthenwa okukhulu kwe-synaptic kunye nokuphuculwa kweseketheUmthamo wezinto ezingwevu uyancipha, izinto ezimhlophe ziyanda, kwaye unxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo ezibandakanyeka kulawulo lweemvakalelo, ulawulo lweemvakalelo, kunye nokwenza izigqibo luyaphuculwa. Ukuba ke songeza uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lolwalamano, olufana nokuxhaphaza, iindlela zophuhliso zeendawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ziyatshintshwa.
Izifundo zexesha elide ezifana neprojekthi ye-IMAGEN kunye nohlalutyo olukhulu lwaseYurophu zibonise ukuba Ukuxhatshazwa okuphindaphindiweyo kunxulunyaniswa notshintsho kwisakhiwo ubuncinane kwiindawo ezininzi zobuchopho, uninzi lwazo lunxulumene nenkumbulo, ukufunda, intshukumo, kunye nokusebenza kweemvakalelo.
Iziphumo zokuziphatha zokuxhatshazwa: amaxhoba, abahlaseli, kunye namangqina
Xa ukuxhaphaza kuhlalutywa kwinqanaba lokuziphatha, ubungqina bucacile: Amaxhoba afumana iimpawu zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. kunabalingane babo abangaxhatshazwayo. Ixhala, ukudakumba, ukuzehlukanisa, ukuzithemba okuphantsi, iingcinga okanye imizamo yokuzibulala, izifo zengqondo (iintloko ezibuhlungu, iintlungu zesisu, ukungalali) kunye nokwehla kokusebenza kakuhle kwizifundo zezinye zezona ziphumo zixhaphakileyo.
Uhlobo lokuxhatshazwa oluthathwa ngalo nalo lubalulekile. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa neempendulo ezirhabaxa ngakumbi. Ukuziphatha okungaphandle (ukuqhuma komsindo, ukulwa, ukuziphatha okuchaseneyo) kuxhaphake kakhulu, ngelixa ukuxhatshazwa okunxulumene nolwalamano—ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle, amarhe, ukuhlaziswa eluntwini—kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu neempawu zangaphakathi: usizi, ixhala, intloni, uloyiko, kunye nokurhoxa. Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zibonisa imizamo, edla ngokungaphumeleli, yokuziqhelanisa ngokwengqondo nangokweemvakalelo nendawo ebonwa njengesongelayo.
Akubona abo bahlaselwayo kuphela ababonakalisa utshintsho. Abantu abahlaselayo ngokwesiqhelo babelana ngeprofayili yomngciphekoOku kuquka ubunzima bokuhlonipha imithetho, ukuzibamba okuphantsi, uvelwano oluphantsi, iingxaki ezininzi zokuziphatha, ukusebenza kakubi kwezemfundo, kunye namathuba amakhulu okungabikho esikolweni kunye nokuyeka isikolo. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yokufikisa kunye nokukhula kwasekuqaleni, amathuba aphezulu okuziphatha okungengomthetho okanye okungahloneliyo kuyabonakala kwezinye iimeko.
I-Neuropsychology ichaze kula makhwenkwe namantombazana i- ukuwohloka kokwenziwa kwezigqibongokukhetha imivuzo ekhawulezileyo nokuba ibandakanya isohlwayo okanye ilahleko kwixesha elizayo. Olu khetho lujolise ekuzuzeni ngokukhawuleza, kunye nolawulo olubi lweemvakalelo, luhambelana neziphumo zokungalingani phakathi kwe-prefrontal cortex (ulawulo) kunye ne-limbic system (iimvakalelo kunye nokunganyanzelekanga).
Amangqina nawo awaphuncuki engenawo amanxeba. Ukubona umntu osebenza naye ehlaziswa okanye enzakaliswa kunokubangela ukwanda kokuzihlukanisa ngokweemvakalelo kunye noxinzelelo olukhuluBaziva bevaleleke phakathi koloyiko lokungenelela kunye netyala lokungakwenzi oko. Izifundo zifumana amanqanaba aphezulu okuxhalaba, iimpawu zokudakumba, ubutshaba, ukungabathembi abanye, kwanezinga elithile lokungakholelwa ukuba banokuba ngamaxhoba ngokwabo.
Kwenzeka ntoni engqondweni ngexesha lokuxhatshazwa
Izifundo ze-Neuroimaging zibonisa ukuba ukuxhaphaza okungapheliyo Itshintsha imisebenzi kunye nolwakhiwo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.Iindawo ezidla ngokubandakanyeka ziquka i-amygdala, i-hippocampus, i-corpus callosum, i-anterior cingulate cortex, i-prefrontal cortex, kunye nemimandla yexeshana, i-parietal, kunye ne-occipital.
La amygdalaInkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ebaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni uloyiko kunye neempendulo zoloyiko, idla ngokubonisa ukusebenza ngamandla kakhulu kwanokutshintsha kwevolumu xa umntwana okanye umntwana okwishumi elivisayo ehlala ephaphile. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana okanye umntwana okwishumi elivisayo usabela ngakumbi kwiimpawu ezingacacanga kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza okanye ukubandezeleka.
El hippocampusIngqondo, eyi-nucleus ephambili kwinkumbulo kwaye inovelwano kakhulu kuxinzelelo oluhlala ixesha elide, inokufumana ukwehla kwe-neurogenesis (ukuzalwa kwee-neurons ezintsha) kunye nokuncipha kwe-myelination. Olu tshintsho lunxulunyaniswa neengxaki zenkumbulo, ubunzima ekufundeni esikolweni, kunye nokwanda kobuthathaka kwiingxaki zeemvakalelo.
El icorpus callosumI-synapse, edibanisa zombini ii-hemispheres zobuchopho, nayo iyachaphazeleka. Utshintsho kwingqibelelo yayo luchaphazela ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweendawo ezinzulu kunye nee-cortices eziphezulu, nto leyo enokubangela impembelelo ekucutshungulweni kweemvakalelo, ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi, kunye nolawulo oluthintelayo.
Utshintsho luchazwe nakwi- i-cortex ye-cingate yangaphambili (ebandakanyeka kwintlungu yoluntu, ukulawulwa okuzimeleyo kunye nokubeka esweni iingxabano) nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze ikortex yangaphambiliEzi zakhono zibalulekile ekucwangciseni, ekulawuleni iminqweno, nasekuqondeni iinjongo zabanye. Ezi nguqu zitolikwa njengokuziqhelanisa nendawo enobutshaba obungapheliyo, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, zonyusa umngcipheko we-psychopathology.
Impembelelo yokuxhaphaza kwisakhiwo sobuchopho kunye nokunxibelelana
Izifundo ezininzi ezisebenzisa iisampulu ezinkulu zabantu abaselula kunye nabantu abadala zifumanise ukuba utshintsho oluthile kakhulu kubukhulu be-cortical kunye nomthamo weendawo ezithile ezinxulumene nokubandakanyeka kwiimeko zokuxhaphaza, ingakumbi xa ukuxhatshazwa kwenzeka rhoqo okanye ixesha elide.
Umzekelo, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba abo bebesoloko bexhatshazwa babonisa ubukhulu obukhulu kwi-fusiform gyrusLe ndawo ibandakanyeka ekuqapheleni ubuso, ekucutshungulweni kweemvakalelo zobuso, ulwimi, kunye nethiyori yengqondo. Oku kuqina kunokubonakalisa ukuziqhelanisa nokucubungula okuqhubekayo kokujonga okunobutshaba, izimbo zokudelela, okanye izoyikiso ezifihlakeleyo kwindawo yoluntu.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amava okuphathwa kakubi nokuxhatshazwa anxulunyaniswa uqhagamshelwano oluphakathi okanye olusebenzayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo: i-temporal lobe (ukubonakaliswa kweenjongo neenkolelo kwabanye), i-occipital lobe (ukucubungula okubonakalayo), i-superior parietal gyrus (inkumbulo yokusebenza kunye nengqalelo) kunye neendawo ezingaphambi kwe-central (ukulungelelaniswa kwemisipha kunye novakalelo lwe-somatosensory).
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukuxhaphaza akusebenzi nje kuphela imijikelezo yoxinzelelo, kodwa iphinda ilungelelanise inethiwekhi yobuchopho kwihlabathi liphelaezichaphazela amaqhuqhuva abandakanyekayo kwindlela esibabona ngayo abanye, indlela esizichaza ngayo izenzo zabo, nendlela esisabela ngayo kwimizimba yethu nangendlela esiziphatha ngayo.
Ngaphezu koko, kuchazwe indlela ethile ukunciphisa umthamo wezinto ezingwevu kwiindawo ezifana ne-orbitofrontal cortex, i-parahippocampal gyrus, kunye ne-putamen (inxalenye ye-striatum), ingakumbi kumaxhoba angapheliyo. Oku kuncipha kunxulunyaniswa neempawu zoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, ukudakumba, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu malunga neminyaka eli-19 ubudala.
Umahluko phakathi kwabafana namantombazana kwindlela abasabela ngayo ekuxhatshazweni
Xa kuhlalutywa impendulo yobuchopho ngesondo, ezinye izifundo zaseYurophu zifumanise ukuba iipateni ezahlukeneyo ekusebenzeni kweendawo ezahlukeneyo xa amaxhoba okuxhatshazwa kwabantu abaselula esenza imisebenzi yeemvakalelo okanye evezwa zizinto ezinxulumene nokuxhatshazwa.
Kumantombazana, kuqatshelwa rhoqo ukuba impendulo enkulu kwi-nucleus accumbens yasekhohlo nakwi-amygdala yasekunene. I-nucleus accumbens yinxalenye yeesekethe zomvuzo kunye nenkuthazo, ngelixa i-amygdala, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, inxulunyaniswa noloyiko kunye nenkqubo yesilumkiso. Ngenxa yokuba bathambekele ekuhluphekeni ngakumbi kobudlelwane kunye nokuphathwa kakubi ngokweemvakalelo (ukungahoywa, ukuhlukaniswa neqela labahlobo, ukutyholwa ngokweemvakalelo), olu dibaniso lunokubonisa ubunzima obukhulu bemilinganiselo yentlalo neyeemvakalelo yomonakalo.
Kumakhwenkwe, abaphandi bachaze ukusebenza okuphawulekayo kwiindawo zokunyakaza kunye neemvakalelo, njenge-gyrus yasekunene engaphambili, enxulumene nokulungelelaniswa komzimba kunye nokusebenza kweemvakalelo zomzimba. Oku kuhambelana nenyaniso yokuba zihlala zijoliswe kuhlaselo oluthe ngqo lomzimba, ukutyhala, ukubetha, okanye izoyikiso zomzimba.
Xa zizonke, ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba Uhlobo lobundlobongela luye lwachaphazeleka ziindlela apho iinethiwekhi zobuchopho zibandakanyeka kakhulu.Oku kunokunceda ekuyileni iindlela zokungenelela ezilungelelaniswe ngakumbi neprofayili yomfundi ngamnye kunye nohlobo lokuxhatshazwa abakufumeneyo.
Indima yeenkqubo zoxinzelelo kunye nee-neurotransmitters
Xa umntwana esoloko egculelwa, ehlaziswa, okanye ehlaselwa, umzimba wakhe uvuselela i-axis ye-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), inkqubo yokuphendula uxinzelelo olukhulu. Le axis ilawula ukukhutshwa kwee-glucocorticoids, ingakumbi i-cortisol, i-hormone elungiselela umzimba ukuba ujongane nosongelo (jonga Uxinzelelo: Iinyaniso eziphambili, Imiphumo, kunye nezixhobo).
I-Neuroscience iqaphele ukuba, xa kuphendulwa iziqendu ezithile zokuxhatshazwa, amanqanaba e-cortisol adla ngokuba vuka ngokukhawulezaOku kubonisa impendulo eqhelekileyo yoloyiko. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukuxhatshazwa kungapheli, izinto ziyatshintsha: ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba abafundi abaxhatshazwa rhoqo babonisa amanqanaba e-cortisol aphantsi kunalawo angoontanga babo abangengabo amaxhoba.
Le ndlela yokuxabanisa itolikwa njenge ukwehla kwenkqubo yoxinzeleloOku kubangelwa kukungaziva okanye "ukudinwa" kwempendulo ye-cortisol emva kokuchaphazeleka ixesha elide kwingozi. Ngamanye amazwi, umzimba uxinezeleka kakhulu kangangokuba uphela ungasabeli kangako, nto leyo enxulunyaniswa neengxaki zokuqwalasela, inkumbulo, kunye nokulawula iimvakalelo.
Ukongeza kwi-cortisol, ukuxhaphaza okungapheliyo kutshintsha iimpawu ii-neurotransmitters ezifana ne-dopamine, i-norepinephrine, kunye ne-serotoninI-Dopamine inxulumene ngokusondeleyo neesekethe zomvuzo kunye nenkuthazo; i-norepinephrine, ekusebenzeni nasekuphaphameni; kunye ne-serotonin, ekuzinzeni kweemvakalelo, ebuthongweni, kunye nokungakhathali.
Xa zizonke, ezi nguqu ze-neurochemical zikhuthaza imeko yokuphaphama kakhulu, ixhala, kunye nokufuna uncedo olukhawulezileyoAkuyonto ingaqhelekanga ukuba ukuxhaphaza kunxulunyaniswa, emva kweminyaka, nomngcipheko ophezulu wokusebenzisa iziyobisi, ukuziphatha okuyingozi, okanye ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba.
Ukuxhaphaza, intlungu yoluntu, kunye nempendulo yovalo
Izifundo ze-neuroimaging kubantu abadala zibonise ukuba, xa ubukele iindawo zokuxhaphaza, ingqondo iyasebenza iisekethe zentlalo, zeemvakalelo, nezoyikiso phantse ngoko nangokoIindawo ezibandakanyekayo ekuvelwaneni, ekufundeni iinjongo zabanye, nasekufumaneni ingozi ziyavuselelwa ngendlela edibeneyo, nto leyo edala uloyiko kunye nokuxhalaba.
Kwezi zifundo, ukulandelela amehlo kunye utshintsho kubungakanani bomfundi Zibonisa ingqalelo engakumbi kunye nokuqina kweemvakalelo xa zisabela kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa, ingakumbi kubantu abaye bahlangabezana nokuxhatshazwa ngokwabo. Iingqondo zabo zisabela ngamandla ngakumbi, ngokungathi le miboniso ivuselela iinkumbulo ezingacacanga okanye iimpawu zeemvakalelo zangaphambili.
Le meko yokuhlala uphaphile Ayihlali engqondweni kuphelaIbangela iimpendulo ezihlala zihleli (ukwanda kwesantya sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwemisipha, utshintsho lokuphefumla) ezinokuthi, ukuba ziqhubeka ixesha elide, zibe yingozi kwimpilo yomzimba neyengqondo. Ukusebenza okungapheliyo kwenkqubo yoxinzelelo kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nokwanda kokudumba, umngcipheko ophezulu wentliziyo, ukutyeba kakhulu, kunye neengxaki zomzimba.
Ngokwee-neuropsychological, singathetha nge "Ukwehla" kweenkqubo zengqondo nezeemvakalelo okubangelwa kukuhlukumeza: ukutolikwa kwemeko njengeyingozi, ukukhumbula amava angaphambili, ukusebenza kwezicwangciso zokungabi namandla, ukwanda kwexhala, ubunzima bokucinga ngokucacileyo kunye neempendulo zokuziphatha ezingalunganga (ukuvimba, ukubaleka, ubundlobongela, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, njl.njl.).
Ukuxhaphaza, amava amabi kunye nempilo yexesha elide
Ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni kuhambelana ngqo nesakhelo se Amava Amabi Obuntwana (ACE)Izifundo ezinkulu kwi-EAI zibonise ulwalamano phakathi kwedosi nempendulo: okukhona inani elikhulu lamava oxinzelelo aqokelelana, kokukhona umngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki zempilo yomzimba neyengqondo xa umntu emdala.
Kwimeko ethile yokuxhaphaza, uphando ludibanisa olu lwazi olungapheliyo kunye amathuba aphezulu okuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ukuxhalaba, ukudakumba, isifo sengqondo, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi), kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nokutyeba kakhulu kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Olu nxibelelwano luchazwa ngokuyinxenye lutshintsho lobuchopho, kwaye ngokuyinxenye luchazwa ziziphumo zeehomoni zoxinzelelo kwezinye iinkqubo zomzimba.
Iihormone zoxinzelelo, xa zikhutshwa ngendlela eqhubekayo, Ziphazamisa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.ukwandisa ukudumba nokunciphisa amandla omzimba okuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane okanye umhlaza. Zikwanegalelo ekungalinganini kwemetabolism okukhuthaza uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukuxhathisa i-insulin, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwamafutha esiswini.
Kwinqanaba le-neuropsychological, ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwindawo enobungozi kwandisa ukuva uvakalelo kwizinto ezibangela uloyiko kunye nosongelokwaye iqinisa iindlela zokufuna umvuzo ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungakhululeki (ukutya, ukuthenga, utywala, iziyobisi, iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi). Lo mjikelo unzima udibanisa ukuxhaphaza okubonwa esikolweni kunye nemikhwa yokuphila engeyiyo eyomntu omdala.
Nangona kunjalo, i-neuroscience ikwagxininisa amandla amakhulu okusebenzisa iplastiki yengqondoInyaniso yokuba ukuxhaphaza kunokonakalisa ingqondo akuthethi ukuba umonakalo awunakuguqulwa: xa kukho indawo ekhuselekileyo, unyango olufanelekileyo, kunye namava amahle, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo inokuzihlela ngokutsha kwaye ihlawulele kakhulu ezi ziphumo zimbi.
Imfundo ye-neuroeducation, ukuziphatha okuchasene noluntu kunye nokuthintela
Izifundo eziphononongiweyo ziyavuma ukuba ukohlwaya abahlaseli akwanelanga: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukutshintsha inkcubeko yobudlelwane besikolo nasekuphuhliseni izakhono zentlalo-neemvakalelo kulo lonke uluntu lwezemfundo. Kulapho ke imfundo yengqondo iqala khona, idibanisa ulwazi malunga nengqondo, iimvakalelo, kunye nokufunda ukuze kuqulunqwe iindlela zokungenelela ezisebenzayo ngakumbi.
Ingqwalasela ephambili yale mbono kukuba ukuziphatha okungacwangciswanga ngabantuUvelwano, intsebenziswano, inkxaso, intlonipho, kunye noxanduva olwabelwana ngalo zizinto ezibalulekileyo. I-neuropsychology yokuxhaphaza ibonise ukuba ubukho beendlela zokuziphatha ezingacwangciswanga phakathi kweqela—kusuka koontanga, kootitshala, nakwiintsapho—kunciphisa impembelelo ye-neurobiological yokuxhaphaza kwaye kunokusebenza njengento yokukhusela.
Iinkqubo ezaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela ezifana KiVa EFinland, ingqwalasela ikwizinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo: ixhoba, umenzi wobubi, kunye nengqina. Injongo kukuba ababukeli bayeke ukuba ngababukeli abangenzi nto kodwa babe ngabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo. inkxaso esebenzayo yexhobangaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukuxhaswa koluntu okufunyanwa ngabahlaseli nokuphucula imvakalelo yokhuseleko lwabafundi abasengozini.
ESpain, amanyathelo afana ne- ukufundisa oontanga (PTL) Badibanisa abafundi abadala nabafundi abasandula ukufika kwizigaba ezifana nesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuze babe nomzekelo osondeleyo wokukhokela, ukuxhasa, nokunceda ekufumaneni nasekupheliseni iimeko ezinokubakho zokuxhaphaza. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo lukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa, luqinisa ubudlelwane, kwaye lubonise indlela yokuziphatha enovelwano.
Ukongeza, kucetyiswa oku kulandelayo iindawo zengxoxo kunye nokudala ngokudibeneyo -amaqela eencoko, iiworkshops zemidlalo yeqonga, iingxoxo ezikhokelwayo- apho abafundi banokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo malunga nento eyenzekayo, bavumelane ngezibophelelo zokuhlala kunye nokuqhelisela amaqhinga okungenelela ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba babona ukuxhatshazwa.
Usapho, isikolo kunye noxanduva oluhlanganyelweyo
Nangona ngamanye amaxesha kukho isilingo sokukhangela "umtyholwa omnye", ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ukuxhaphaza yinto into enxulumeneyo neyomxholoOku kuphenjelelwa lusapho, isikolo, amaqela oontanga, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Injongo asikokubangela ukuba inkohlakalo ihlasele abantu, kodwa kukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezibangela ukuba inkohlakalo iqhubeke kunye nendlela yokuyithintela.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba amakhwenkwe namantombazana akhulela e- iindawo zosapho ezineemodeli ezinobundlobongelaAbo bangenamithetho icacileyo okanye abanamava okunamathelana okungakhuselekanga banamathuba amaninzi okuphinda babonakalise ukuziphatha okunobundlobongela koontanga babo. Uninzi lwabahlaseli lukwabonisa iingxaki zokuziphatha, iingxaki zobuntu, okanye ukungalingani phakathi kweendawo ze-prefrontal kunye ne-limbic, nto leyo ethintela amandla abo okulawula iimvakalelo.
Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukuba iintsapho zibandakanyeke kungekuphela nje xa ingxaki sele iqhumile, kodwa kwasekuqaleni, zikhuthaza izakhono zokulawula iimvakalelo, intlonipho kunye novelwanoIsikolo, sona, simele senze indima yaso, sidale imeko apho ukuphathwa kakubi kungenandawo eklasini, kwindawo yokudlala, okanye kwiindawo zedijithali ezinxulumene nesikolo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo egxile kuphela ukugxeka iingxabano okanye ukuguqula abafundi babe ngabachasi abanyanzelekileyo Ezi ndlela azisebenzi kakuhle kwaye zinokwenza imeko yesikolo ibe mandundu. Enye indlela exhaswa ziingcali ibandakanya izicwangciso ezibanzi zokuhlalisana, imigaqo ecacileyo yokujongana nokuxhatshazwa, kunye noqeqesho oluqhubekayo lootitshala, abacebisi, kunye namaqela obunkokeli besikolo.
Kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuba amaziko akhuthaze inkcubeko yokungafihli nto kunye nenkxaso: ukuba abafundi bayazi ukuba babhekisa kubani, ukuba banethemba lokuba baza kuphulaphulwa ngaphandle kokugxekwa, nokuba bayayiqonda into ehambelanayo phakathi koko kuthethwa sisikolo noko sikwenzayo xa ityala lifunyenwe.
Konke esikwaziyo namhlanje malunga ne-neuroscience yokuxhaphaza kubonisa ukuba Ukuxhaphaza kushiya amabala alinganisekayo engqondweni, engqondweni nasemzimbeni.Kodwa ikwabonisa ukuba ukungenelela kwangoko, ngokusekelwe kubungqina kunye noxanduva oluhlanganyelweyo lwesikolo, usapho kunye nabafundi, kunokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo ingqikelelo: okukhona amandla obundlobongela ephulwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye uthungelwano lwenkxaso kunye nokuziphatha okuchasene nabantu kuyaqiniswa, kokukhona impembelelo ye-neurobiological iya kuba ncinci kwaye kokukhona amathuba okuba aba bantwana kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo bakhe ubomi bomntu omdala obusempilweni nobanelisayo.
