Ukufikisa linqanaba lotshintsho olukhohlakeleyo apho umzimba, ingqondo, kunye nobudlelwane bentlalo buhamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Phakathi kwesi saqhwithi, ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukuxhatshazwa ibe ngumthombo we Uxinzelelo olungapheliyo olunempembelelo ngqo kwingqondoimpilo yengqondo kunye nendlela esinxulumana ngayo nabanye. Asithethi nje ngezithuko okanye izityholo: inzululwazi ibonisa ukuba la mava ashiya amanqaku anokulinganiswa kwisakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi we-nervous system.
Ngokwembono yokuziphatha, ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni kuthathwa njenge uhlobo oluthile olusezantsi lobundlobongela obuphindaphindiweyo phakathi kwabantungokungalingani kwamandla phakathi komhlaseli kunye nexhoba. Inokuba ngumzimba (ukubetha, ukutyhala), ngomlomo (izithuko, izoyikiso), ngokwengqondo (ukuthotywa, ukuhlukaniswa, amahemuhemu), okanye kubhaliwe, zombini kwigumbi lokufundela kunye nemidiya yoluntu kunye nezixhobo zedijithali.
I-Neuroscience igxininisa ukuba la mava aphindaphindiweyo obundlobongela ayenza isebenze ngokuzinzileyo imijikelezo yobuchopho yoxinzelelo kunye nosongeloUkuba le meko yokuphaphama okuphakamileyo iyaqhubeka, ingqondo yeshumi elivisayo-esele ihlaziywa ngokuphawulekayo-inokutshintsha uphuhliso lwayo oluqhelekileyo, oluchaphazela isakhiwo segrey, ukudibanisa phakathi kwemimandla yengqondo, kunye ne-neurotransmitter balance. Izibonelelo malunga nesi sihloko ziyafumaneka. Indlela ingqondo esabela ngayo ekuxhatshazweni.
Inkalo ephambili kukuba ukuxhatshazwa akuchaphazeli abo babandezelekileyo kuphela. Uphononongo lukhomba kwiimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwiindima ezintathu: amaxhoba, abahlaseli kunye nabakhi-mkhanyoZonke zibonisa iipateni ezithile zotshintsho lweemvakalelo, lwengqondo, kunye nolwengqondo, nangona lunee-nuances ezahlukeneyo.
Ngaphaya koko, izifundo ezahlukeneyo zelongitudinal zaseYurophu kunye nophononongo lwe-neuropsychological luyavuma ukuba ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni kunako ukonyusa umngcipheko we-psychopathology kwiminyaka yokufikisa kunye nokuba ngumntu omdalakubandakanywa ukuxhalaba, ukudandatheka, iimpawu zengqondo, ukucinga ukuzibulala, kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha, phakathi kwabanye.
Impembelelo yokuziphatha: amaxhoba, abahlaseli, kunye nababukeleyo
Imiphumo yabo baxhatshazwayo
Abantwana kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo ekujoliswe kubo ekuxhatshazweni bahlala bevelisa iprofayili entsonkothileyo iimpawu zokungena ngaphakathi kunye nokuphuma ngaphandlePhakathi kwezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kukuxhalaba okunzulu, ukuba buhlungu ngokunzulu, ukudandatheka, ukuba likheswa ekuhlaleni, ukungazithembi, ukoyika ukuya esikolweni, iingxaki zengqondo (intloko ebuhlungu okanye isisu esibuhlungu ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo sonyango), ukwehla komsebenzi wezemfundo yaye, kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, ukuyeka isikolo.
Uphando lucebise ukuba xa ubundlobongela obuthe ngqo bomzimba bulawula, ixhoba lingaphendula ukwanda kokuziphatha ndlongo kunye nokujongana, ngelixa ukuxhatshazwa kobudlelwane (ukungabandakanywa, amahemuhemu, ukuthotywa okufihlakeleyo) ngokuqhelekileyo kudibaniswa nokuxhalaba, ukudakumba, kunye nezinye iingxaki zangaphakathi. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, umntu oxhatshazwayo usenokubhenela kubuchule bokumelana obungasebenziyo obuvelisa inkcitho enkulu yemithombo yeemvakalelo kunye neyokuqonda.
Ukusuka kwimbono ye-neurobiological, le pateni yokuxhatshazwa iye yadibaniswa nayo ukusebenza okukhulu kwemimandla ebandakanyekayo kuvavanyo lwentlalo kunye nokufunyanwa kwemiqondiso yesongeloOku kukwabeka umthwalo owongezelelweyo kwiinkqubo zokulawula ingqondo, ngakumbi i-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Ngamanye amazwi, ingqondo yexhoba isebenza ngokungakhathali ukuze ihlole ngokuqhubekayo imeko yentlalo kwaye izame ukulawula iimpendulo zeemvakalelo, amaxesha amaninzi ingaphumeleli.
Izifundo zokucinga ngemagnethi yokwakheka kwemagnethi zikwafumene utshintsho kubunzima becortical kwimimandla enxulumene nokuqatshelwa kobuso, umbono weemvakalelo, kunye nethiyori yengqondo. Ngokukodwa, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba abanye abantwana abaye baxhatshazwa okanye baxhatshazwa rhoqo babonisa amaqatha angqindilili kwijirasi yefusiform, ummandla obandakanyekayo ekuqhubeni ubuso obunzima bentlalo kunye nezitshixo.
Iimpembelelo kwabo babandakanyeka kuxhatshazo
Abahlaseli abango "makhwenkwe amabi," kodwa ngabantu abadla ngokubonisa ubunzima obuphawulekayo ekuhloneleni imithetho, ukwenza amaqhina angokweemvakalelo, nokulawula iimpembeleloIzifundo ezininzi zichaza kuzo amanqanaba asezantsi okuzibamba, iimpawu zokungabi namvakalelo, uvelwano olubi, iingxaki zemfundo, kunye nokuba nokwenzeka okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ukubandakanyeka kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho xa umntu emdala.
Kwinqanaba lokusebenza kwengqondo, ukusebenza kakubi kuchazwe kwimisebenzi ye ukwenziwa kwezigqibo kunye novavanyo lweziphumo zexesha elideBathanda ukubeka phambili iinzuzo zangoko nangoko nokuba kuthetha izohlwayo ezibalulekileyo okanye ilahleko yexesha elizayo, ehambelana notshintsho kumvuzo, inkuthazo, kunye neesekethe zolawulo lokuthintela.
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje oludibanisa imibuzo yokuziphatha kunye ne-neuroimaging iqinisekisa ukuba ukubandakanyeka kuxhatshazo, nokuba ngumxhaphazi okanye ixhoba, kunxulumene notshintsho kwindlela imo yengqondo yabantwana abakwiminyaka yesikoloKwimeko yabenzi bobubi, imibutho iye yabonwa ngotshintsho kwimimandla engaphambili kunye neyokubethayo enxulunyaniswa nokungabinamdla, umvuzo, kunye nolawulo lwentlalo-ntle.
Iimpembelelo kwabo babona ubundlavini
Elinye iqela elaye latyeshelwa kuphando kangangeminyaka lelo lamangqina—abo balingane babona oko kwenzekayo kodwa abasoloko bengenelela. Ngoku kuyaziwa ukuba le ndima nayo inyanyaniswa nayo iziphumo ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokweemvakalelo nezentlaloAbakhi-mkhanya banokuziva besoyika, beziva benetyala ngokungenzi nto, becinezele umsindo, okanye bazive bengenakuzinceda.
Kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, oku kunokuguqulela ekubeni bodwa ngokweemvakalelo, ubunzima bokuthemba abanye, ukwanda koxinzelelo, kunye neempawu zokudakumba. Abanye abantu bade baphuhle i-paranoia okanye i-hypervigilance yentlalongemvakalelo eqhubekayo yokuba banokuba ngamaxhoba alandelayo, naxa okusingqongileyo kukhuselekile ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokwempendulo yeemvakalelo ekhawulezileyo, izifundo zovavanyo zisebenzisa umkhondo wamehlo kunye nokulinganisa ubungakanani bomfundi zibonise ukuba izigcawu zokuxhatshazwa zibangela ukusabela kwabo babukeleyo. i-alarm ekhawulezayo kakhulu kunye neempendulo zonxunguphaloEzi mpendulo zinamandla ngakumbi kwabo baye baxhatshazwa ngokuxhatshazwa ngaxa lithile ebomini babo, becebisa inkumbulo yeemvakalelo eyomeleziweyo phambi kolu hlobo lwemeko.
Ukutshintsha kwengqondo okunxulumene nokuxhatshazwa esikolweni
Ubutsha lixesha lohlengahlengiso olunzulu lobuchopho, apho a Ukucuthwa okuqhubelekayo kwegreyi kunye nokwanda kwezinto ezimhlopheLe nkqubo luhlobo "lwe-synaptic pruning": inkqubo ye-nervous iphelisa uxhulumaniso olungasebenziyo kwaye yomeleza ezo zisetyenziswa ngakumbi, njengomlimi othena amasebe ukuze umthi ukhule womelele.
Xa uxinzelelo olungapheliyo, olufana nokuxhatshazwa, luvela ngexesha lenkqubo yohlengahlengiso, umkhondo wokuvuthwa unokutshatyalaliswa. Izifundo ezininzi zifumanise ukuba ukuxhatshazwa rhoqo kunxulunyaniswa ne umthamo ophantsi wobuchopho kwiindawo eziphambili zokulawula iimvakalelo kunye nokulawulwa kwempembeleloezifana ne-anterior cingulate cortex, i-orbitofrontal cortex, i-striatum, i-putamen, i-hippocampus, i-amygdala, i-parahippocampal gyrus, kunye ne-insula.
Kwi-European longitudinal cohort (iprojekthi ye-IMAGEN), abaselula abavela kumazwe amaninzi balandelwa phakathi kweminyaka eyi-14 kunye ne-19. Idatha ngamava okuxhatshazwa kwaqokelelwa, kwaye i-MRI scans yenziwa ngamaza amaninzi. Uhlalutyo lubonise ukuba Ukuxhatshazwa okungapheliyo ngexesha lokufikisa kwakunxulunyaniswa nokuguqulwa kwamagophe okukhula kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yobuchopho, kwaye olu tshintsho lwesakhiwo ludityaniswe neempawu zokuxhalaba, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kwiminyaka eyi-19.
Esinye seziphumo ezihambelanayo kule kunye nezinye izifundo kukuncipha komthamo we putamenOku kuncitshiswa kwe-striatum, inxalenye ye-striatum enxulumene nokomeleza ukufunda, imikhwa, kunye nokudityaniswa kolwazi lwemoto kunye neemvakalelo, kubonakala ngathi kusebenza njengophawu lokuba sesichengeni kwi-psychopathology elandelayo.
Olunye uphononongo luchaze utshintsho kwi-cortical thickness of temporal, occipital, kunye neendawo eziphezulu ze-parietal, kunye ne-precentral sulcus kunye ne-gyrus. Le mimandla ithatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ngokwahlukeneyo Ukunikezelwa kweenjongo kwabanye (ithiyori yengqondo), ukusetyenzwa ngokubonakalayo, inkumbulo yokusebenza, kunye nolungelelwaniso lwemotoUkuxhatshazwa, ke ngoko, akuchaphazeli kuphela iisekethe zeemvakalelo, kodwa nothungelwano olubanzi olubandakanyekayo kwisikolo semihla ngemihla nakubomi bentlalontle.
Imimandla yobuchopho enomdla ngakumbi kuxhatshazo
Uphononongo oluninzi lophononongo lwe-neuropsychiatric luchonge isethi yezakhiwo zobuchopho ezichatshazelwa ngakumbi kukuvezwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukuxhatshazwa kunye nokuxhatshazwa koontanga. Phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo zi I-amygdala, ihippocampus, icorpus callosum, i-anterior cingulate cortex, kunye ne-prefrontal cortex.
I-amygdala yeyona "eriyali" yobuchopho yokubona ingozi. Kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa, ihlala i-hyperactive, iqinisa a ukulwa, ukubhabha, okanye ukumisa impendulo phantse rhoqo. Ngexesha elide, le hyperarousal inxulunyaniswa nokuba sesichengeni esikhulu kukuphazamiseka kokuxhalaba, i-social phobias, kunye neempendulo ezingahambelaniyo zokugxekwa okanye ungquzulwano.
Ihippocampus, eyimfuneko kwinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane kunye namava omxholo, nayo iyachaphazeleka. Uxinzelelo olungapheliyo luthande ukunciphisa umthamo walo kwaye luthintele i-neurogenesis, enokuthi inxulumene nayo iingxaki ngememori, ukufunda, kunye nokulawulwa kweenkumbulo ezibuhlunguLe ndibaniselwano inceda ekuchazeni ukusebenza kakubi rhoqo kwezemfundo kumaxhoba okuxhatshazwa.
I-corpus callosum, edibanisa i-cerebral hemispheres ezimbini, ingabonisa iipatheni ezitshintshileyo zophuhliso kubantu abatsha abavezwe kubundlobongela obuqhubekayo. Oku kubangela ukuba a Ukulungelelaniswa okuncinci phakathi kweenkqubo zovakalelo kunye nengqiqoukwenza nzima kulawulo lwempembelelo kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ezilungeleleneyo.
I-anterior cingulate cortex, ebandakanyekayo ekubekeni iliso kwingxabano, intlungu yentlalo, kunye nokulawulwa kokuzimela, ibonisa utshintsho kwi-central network network networks abo baye baphathwa gadalala. Lo mmandla usebenza njengendawo engundoqo edibanisayo ulwazi lweemvakalelo, ingqondo kunye nomzimbaKe ngoko, ukuguqulwa kwayo kuneziphumo ezibanzi kwintlalontle yengqondo.
Okokugqibela, i-prefrontal cortex (kubandakanywa ne-dorsolateral kunye neendawo ze-orbitofrontal) ibalulekile kwinto ebizwa ngokuba "yingqondo yentlalo": ivumela ukuba sicwangcise, sithintele iimpembelelo, sitolike imilinganiselo yentlalo, kunye nokulawula iimvakalelo. Ukuchanabeka ixesha elide kuxhatshazo kunokulibazisa ukukhula kwayo okanye kutshintshe ubukhulu bayo kunye noqhagamshelo, ngaloo ndlela kube negalelo ubunzima ekuzilawuleni, uvelwano, kunye nokuthatha imbono.
I-Neurotransmitters kunye ne-axis yoxinzelelo kwi-bullying yesikolo
Ngaphandle kweziphumo zayo zesakhiwo, ukuxhatshazwa kunempembelelo kwikhemikhali yengqondo. Enye yezona nkqubo zifundwe kakhulu yi-axis i-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) i-axisLe axis inoxanduva lokulungelelanisa impendulo yoxinzelelo. Xa umntu ebona isongelo, le axis ibangela ukukhululwa kweglucocorticoids, kuquka i-cortisol, elungiselela umzimba ukuba usabele.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, izifundo zifumene umahluko ngokuxhomekeke kwipateni yokuxhatshazwa. Kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa rhoqo, amanqanaba e-cortisol athambekele ekubeni vuka ngokukhawulezaOku kubonakalisa impendulo yoxinzelelo ngokwentelekiso. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abancinci abaphantsi kokuxhatshazwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nexesha elide, amanqanaba esiseko e-cortisol abonakala ephantsi kuneentanga zabo ezingaxhatshazwayo.
Lo mcimbi utolikwa njenge "ukunciphisa" okanye ukudinwa kwenkqubo yoxinzeleloEmva kokuba sesichengeni esingapheliyo, umzimba uphelelwa ngamandla ukuze unciphise iindleko zebhayoloji ezihlala zisebenza. Ingxaki kukuba olu hlengahlengiso lunokuhamba kunye nokuncipha kokusebenza kwe-neurocognitive, ukukwazi ukunciphisa ukusabela kwiingcinezelo ezintsha, kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ukongeza kwi-cortisol, uphando luchaze utshintsho kwisignali yezinye i-neurotransmitters ezifana i-dopamine, i-norepinephrine, kunye ne-serotoninIisekethe ze-dopaminergic ze-prefrontal cortex kunye ne-striatum, ezinxulumene nenkuthazo kunye nokulungiswa komvuzo, zinokungalawuleki, zichaphazele ukonwabela imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokomeleza ukufunda.
I-Norepinephrine, edityaniswe nokusebenza kunye nokuqapha, kunye neendlela ze-serotonergic (5-HT), ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni isimo sengqondo kunye nokulawulwa kwempembelelo, ikwabonisa iipatheni ezingaqhelekanga kubantu abancinci abaneembali zokuxhatshazwa. Kuthathwe kunye, olu tshintsho lweekhemikhali lunegalelo kwi Iimpawu zokuxhalaba, ukudakumba, ukucaphuka, kunye nokuziphatha okunobungozi ngokweklinikhi ijongwe.
Iiyantlukwano zesini kunye neendlela zokuxhatshazwa
Izifundo ezinkulu ze-pan-European kunye namawakawaka olutsha zityhila ama-nuances abalulekileyo kwindlela amakhwenkwe namantombazana abafumana ngayo ukuxhatshazwa kunye nendlela ubuchopho babo obuphendula ngayo. Ngokubanzi, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba Amantombazana athanda ukuva ubunzima ngakumbi kubudlelwane kunye nokuphathwa kakubi ngokweemvakalelo (okufana nokucwaswa, ukukhutshwa kwiqela okanye amarhe), ngelixa emakhwenkweni ukuxhatshazwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokwasemzimbeni kuxhaphakile.
Kwimifanekiso esebenzayo yamagnetic resonance, amantombazana afikisayo angamaxhoba abonisa ukusebenza okukhulu kwi I-nucleus accumbens yasekhohlo kunye ne-amygdala yasekuneneI-nucleus accumbens yinxalenye yomvuzo kunye neenkqubo zenkuthazo, ngelixa i-amygdala ilawula ukuqhutyelwa kwezisongelo kunye neemvakalelo ezinzulu. Le ndibaniselwano icebisa ubuntununtunu obukhethekileyo ekwamkelweni okanye ukwaliwa kwezentlalo kunye neempawu zeemvakalelo ezivela kokusingqongileyo.
Emakhwenkweni, abaphandi bafumene iintshukumo ezichazwe ngakumbi kwimimandla yeemoto kunye neemvakalelo, njenge-precentral gyrus. Oku kuhambelana nobukho obukhulu be uhlaselo lomzimba kunye nokudibana ngokomzimba ekuxhatshazweni abakufumanayo, nto leyo eya kuthetha ukuba inkqubo enxulumene kakhulu nesenzo kunye nempendulo yemoto kunokuphatha iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo zeemvakalelo.
Umahluko awuthethi ukuba isini esinye sinexesha elibi kunelinye, kodwa kunokuba ingqondo iphendule ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. iintlobo zobundlobongela nazo zohlukaOlu lwazi luluncedo kakhulu ekuyileni ungenelelo olulungelelanisiweyo ngakumbi: umzekelo, ukujongana ngokuthe ngqo neentshukumo zokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwezentlalo kumaqela amantombazana kunye nokuziphatha okuxhaphaza ngokwasemzimbeni kumaqela abafana, ngelixa ukhumbula ukuba kukho ukuhlukahluka komntu ngamnye.
Ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni njengento yentlalo kunye nobudlelwane
I-neuroscience yokuxhatshazwa ayinakuqondwa ngokuzimeleyo kwimeko yentlalo. ukuxhatshazwa Ihlala ivela ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-a uthungelwano lobudlelwane boontangangemithetho ecacileyo necacileyo yokuba ngubani oyalelayo, othobelayo, ngubani “odumileyo” noshiywe ngaphandle. Ayisiso isigulo okanye ukuphazamiseka komntu, kodwa kukuziphatha okubi nokuyingozi iqela elikuvumelayo, ukubethelela okanye ukungakhathaleli.
Kumazwe amaninzi, idatha ibonisa ukuba malunga ne-30-35% yabafundi bezikolo zasesekondari baye bahlupheka ukuziphatha ndlongondlongo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngoontangaAyizizo zonke ezi meko zifikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo lobunzima okanye zibangele iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, kodwa umngcipheko unyuka xa ukuxhatshazwa kungapheliyo, kucwangcisiweyo, kwaye kudibaniswa nokungabikho kwenkxaso yabantu abadala.
Abakwishumi elivisayo badla ngokuwagcina kubo la mava ngenxa yokuba beneentloni, besoyika impindezelo, okanye inkolelo yokuba “akunamsebenzi ukuthetha ngako.” Ngoko ke, unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo phakathi kweentsapho, abafundisi-ntsapho nabafundi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokukhusela. Iingcali zigxininisa imfuneko yokuba izikolo ziphuhle iiprothokholi ezicacileyo zesenzo, amajelo okunika ingxelo ayimfihlo, kunye nenkcubeko yokunganyamezeli nto ngokuchasene nokuxhatshazwa.
Ukusuka kwimbono ye-neuroeducational, ukukhuthaza ubudlelwane obuhle kubandakanya okungaphezulu kunokohlwaya umxhaphazi. Kumalunga nokudala iimeko apho izakhono ezifana... ziphuhliswa. uvelwano, ukuzilawula ngokweemvakalelo, ukusombulula impixano ngoxolo, kunye nokucinga okuphangaleleyoukuzidibanisa kwikharityhulam nakubomi bemihla ngemihla beziko.
Igalelo le-neuroeducation kunye neuropsychology
I-Neuroeducation idibanisa ulwazi oluvela kwi-neuroscience, psychology, kunye ne-pedagogy ukuyila iindlela zokuthintela kunye nokungenelela ezihambelana ngokusondeleyo nendlela ingqondo esebenza ngayo. Kwimeko yokuxhatshazwa, le ndlela ivumela ukuba siqonde ukuba asijongani nje "neengxaki zokuhlalisana," kodwa kunomcimbi obaluleke kakhulu. amava anefuthe lokwenyani lebhayoloji oko kunokuguqula ukukhula kwengqondo.
Uphononongo lwe-Neuropsychological on bullying school lubonisa ukuba le ngxaki inxulumene noluhlu olubanzi isimilo, imotor, physiological, emotional, and cognitive utshintshoUkuxhalaba, ukuxinezeleka, intlungu yomzimba kunye nentlalontle, ubundlobongela, ukuzihlukanisa, ukugatywa, ukungabi naluvelwano, ubunzima bengqwalasela kunye nenkumbulo ... konke oku kubonakaliswa kwiinguqu ze-anatomical kunye nokusebenza, zombini kumaxhoba kunye nabahlaseli.
Enye into ephambili ethe yagxininiswa yindima ye indlela yokuziphatha yeprosocial njengento yokulamlaUkukhuthaza inkxaso yoontanga, ukunceda intanga ebandezelekileyo, ukukhusela ngokunyanisekileyo ixhoba, kunye nentsebenziswano endaweni yokhuphiswano olunobutshaba kunokunciphisa impembelelo yokuxhatshazwa kunye nokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwayo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, iingcebiso zamaziko emfundo ziquka ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ze Uqeqesho lweNeuroeducation kootitshalaDibanisa imfundo yeemvakalelo kunye nemisebenzi yokuhlalisana kwizifundo, ukuseka iiprothokholi ezithile zokuphendula ubuso ngobuso kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwedijithali, kunye nokubandakanya iintsapho.
Kwicandelo leklinikhi, unyango lwe-cognitive-behavioral lubonise ukuba luluncedo ekuncedeni amaxhoba aphuhlise a ingqondo eyomelela ngakumbi, izakhono zokumelana, kunye nokuvuselela ukuzithembaKwezinye iimeko, kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa kunye nokungenelela kwe-pharmacological okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango zengqondo xa imeko ye-psychopathological inzima kakhulu.
Ukujonga indlela ebanzi: ukuthintela, ukufumanisa kunye nenkxaso
Idatha ye-Neurobiological, kude nokuba yinto nje yokufuna ukwazi isayensi, ikhonza ukugxininisa ukungxamiseka kwesenzo. Ukwazi ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kunokuguqula ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo yokufikisa inika a Ingxoxo enamandla kakhulu yokubeka lo mba njengento ephambili kwimpilo yoluntukwaye kungekhona nje njengomcimbi wesikolo.
Uthintelo luxhomekeke kungenelelo kwangethuba, phambi kokuba iipatheni zoxhatshazo zibe yinto engapheliyo. Kubalulekile ukuba izikolo ziphonononge imithetho yazo, zijongane nokufundisa ngokweemvakalelo, kwaye ziqeqeshe lonke uluntu lwesikolo kulo mmandla. ukufunyanwa kweempawu zokuqala zokuxhatshazwa: utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ekusebenzeni, ukungabikho emsebenzini, izikhalazo eziphindaphindiweyo, ukurhoxa ekuhlaleni, ukuguquka kwemizwelo okuphawulweyo, njl.
Ngokunxuseneyo, kubalulekile ukulungisa iingcambu zokuziphatha ndlongondlongo: imizekelo yemfundo esekwe kwisohlwayo somzimba, ukwenziwa kwesiqhelo kobundlobongela ekhaya okanye kumajelo eendabaUkunqongophala kokubekwa kweliso kwabantu abadala, amaqela apho inkohlakalo yomelezwa njengendlela yokufumana iwonga… Ngaphandle kokujongana nale miba, ubundlavini buthanda ukuvela kwakhona nokuba abantu abathile bohlwaywe.
Ukusebenza nabakhi-mkhanyo yenye inkalo engahoywanga. Ukuguqula amangqina angenzi nto abe ababukeleyo abasebenzayo abakwaziyo ukungenelela ngokukhuselekileyo (ukulumkisa abantu abadala, ukuxhasa ixhoba, ukwala ukuhleka ukuthotywa) kunokuguqula iintshukumo zeqela ezigcina ubundlavini.
Inzululwazi iyenza icace into yokuba ukuxhatshazwa “ayikho nje abantwana abangabantwana” abaya kuzisombulula, kodwa luhlobo lobundlobongela obunokushiya amanxeba anzulu ebuchotsheni, engqondweni, nakubomi bentlalo yabo babandezelekayo, ababenzayo, okanye babone. Ukudibanisa ulwazi oluvela kwi-neuroscience, neuropsychology, kunye ne-neuroeducation ezikolweni kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu kuvula umnyango Ungenelelo olusebenzayo ngakumbi, olunovakalelo, kunye nobungqina obusekwe kubungqina, ekwazi ukukhusela ingqondo kunye nophuhliso lweemvakalelo zesizukulwana sonke.
